The Progressive Era Gives Way to World War

1. The Progressive Era Gives Way to World War The Wilson Years 1912-1919

2. 1912 – Looking For Candidates Democrats Nominate Woodrow Wilson, Progressive Governor from New Jersey

3. 1912 – Looking For Candidates Republicans Nominate William Howard Taft for 2nd Term

4. 1912 – Looking For Candidates Teddy Roosevelt Returns With Nomination of Bull Moose Party

5. Consolidation of trusts and labor unions Growth of regulatory agencies Woman’s Suffrage Social Welfare Minimum Wage Small Enterprise Entrepreneurship Unregulated, Free Markets Shunned social welfare 1912 – Choices? “New Nationalism” “New Freedom”

6. Long-Winded Saves Roosevelt • Milwaukee, Wisconsin • Teddy Roosevelt shot in chest by fanatic • Still gives campaign speech

7. Republican Party Splits VoteWilson Wins

9. Wilson Tackles the “triple wall of privilege” • Tariff – tax on imported goods - Reduces fees on imports - Replaces revenue loss with income tax (16th Amendment)

10. Wilson Tackles the “triple wall of privilege” • Banks – Providers of loans and money - 1913 – Federal Reserve Act – establishes Federal Reserve Board - nationwide system of 12 regional banks - amount of $ in circulation could be increased as needed

11. Wilson Tackles the “triple wall of privilege” 3. Trusts – 1914 – Federal Trade Commission Act - rooted out unfair comp., false adv., mislabeling, bribery- Clayton Anti-Trust Act – objectionable business practices like; price discrimination & interlocking directorates, purchasing stocks of other companies

12. Populist Ideas Become Law • Federal Farm Loan Act – made credit available to farmers at low interest rates • Warehouse Act – authorized loans on the security of staple crops

13. How do Third-Party Political Parties Influence Our Government? • Though they seldom win political elections, many of their ideas later become instituted into law.

14. DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS • Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators • To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators • As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)

15. The Workingman Benefits • Workingman’s Compensation Act – Disability Insurance • Restricted Child Labor • Eight-hour day for railroad workers

16. WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE • Before the Civil War, American women were expected to devote their time to home and family • By the late 19th and early 20th century, women were visible in the workforce

17. DOMESTIC WORKERS • Before the turn-of-the-century women without formal education contributed to the economic welfare of their families by doing domestic work • Altogether, 70% of women employed in 1870 were servants

18. WOMEN IN THE WORK FORCE • Opportunities for women increased especially in the cities • By 1900, one out of five women worked • The garment trade was popular as was office work, department stores and classrooms

19. WOMEN LEAD REFORM • Many of the leading progressive reformers were women • Middle and upper class women also entered the public sphere as reformers • Many of these women had graduated from new women’s colleges Colleges like Vassar and Smith allowed women to excel

20. THREE-PART STRATEGY FOR WINNING SUFFRAGE • Suffragists tried three approaches to winning the vote • 1) Convince state legislatures to adopt vote (Succeeded in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Colorado) • 2) Pursue court cases to test 14th Amendment • 3) Push for national constitutional Amendment

23. WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE • Native-born, educated, middle-class women grew more and more impatient • Through local, state and national organization, vigorous protests and World War I, women finally realized their dream in 1920 The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920