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Human AP

Human AP. 10.02.2. Learning Outcomes. Understanding of what the barriers are to economic development. Lot’s of Terminology. How is development measured?

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Human AP

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  1. Human AP 10.02.2

  2. Learning Outcomes • Understanding of what the barriers are to economic development.

  3. Lot’s of Terminology • How is development measured? • “Incorporates the ‘three basic dimensions of human development: 1) a long and healthy life, 2) knowledge and 3) a decent standard of living.’” (p. 328). • Mostly widely accepted version of standard of living; developed by multiple countries through the U.N. • Millennium Development Goals • Goals created keeping in mind the U.N. measures of development (p. 328) • Address primary hurdles to economic development

  4. Political Instability • It’s hard to have a good government. • Decolonization often left behind a government that was hierarchical • Some argue wealth is needed for a democracy (literacy, infrastructure, communication) • Most periphery and semi-periphery have military governments or quasi-democracy • Corrupt leaders stay in power because people are fearful.

  5. Hurdles to Economic Development • Social Conditions • High birth rates • Low life expectancy (poor nutrition) • High dependency ratio (the number of young plus the number of elderly per 100 workers) • Lack of Education • Girls are seen as a “lost investment” • Trafficking: adults and children are manipulated/bullied into working conditions they would not choose.

  6. Foreign Debt • Dependency Theory: “holds that the political economic relationships between countries and regions of the world control and limit the economic development possibilities of poorer areas”. • Structural Adjustment Loans (I need you to change) • Countries agreed to loans with economic or governmental reforms • Privatizing Government Entities (allowing private companies ownership), Forcing Trade, & Setting Tariff policies. (Neoliberalism)

  7. Disease • HIV/AIDS • Prevalent in Africa • Zimbabwe has the highest rate • Decreases productivity

  8. Disease Continued • Malaria: “AKA Sleeping Sickness” • Most victims are children under 5 • Decreases productivity • Spread by mosquitos

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