ANL-FNAL Collaboration on High Intensity Neutrino Source Activities

1. ANL-FNAL Collaboration on High Intensity Neutrino Source Activities G. Apollinari Introduction Collaboration Activities ‘05-’07 Achievements ’07-’10 Plans Conclusions

2. Role of Multi-GeV Proton Sources (FNAL) • Multi-MW proton source necessary for full exploration n sector • NoVA will operate at 700 kW • SuperNuMI could operate in the 1 MW range • Multi-MW proton source is necessary as FE for m source • Multi-MW proton source in EA applications • … • An 8 GeV Linac coupled with an upgraded Main Injector is required to get above 2 MW at 120 GeV • The 8 Linac b=1 section can be used to ri-circulate and accelerate cooled m’s • The 8 GeV Linac idea* incorporates concepts from the ILC, the Spallation Neutron Source, RIA and APT. • Copy SNS, RIA, and JPARC Linac design up to 1.3 GeV • Use ILC Cryomodules from 1.3 -8 GeV • H- Injection at 8 GeV in Main Injector * The 8 GeV Linac concept actually originated with Vinod Bharadwaj and Bob Noble in 1994,when it was realized that the MI would benefit from a Linac injector. Gradients of 4-5 Mev/m did not make the proposal cost effective at the time. Idea revived and expanded by GWF in 2004 with the advent of 20-25 MeV/m gradients. ~1 GeV’sh

3. Two Design Points for 8 GeV Linac • Initial: 0.5 MW Linac Beam Power • 8.3 mA x 3 msec x 2.5 Hz x 8 GeV = 0.5 MW (11 Klys) • Ultimate: 2 MW Linac Beam Power • 25 mA x 1 msec x 10 Hz x 8 GeV = 2.0 MW (33 Klys) Either Option Supports: 1.5E14 x 0.7 Hz x 120 GeV = 2 MW from MI • Name of the Game in Linac Intensity: RF POWER • Production (Klystrons) • Delivery to Cavity (PC)

4. Neutrino “Super- Beams” SY-120 Fixed-Target NUMI Off- Axis X-RAY FEL LAB 8 GeV neutrino 8 GeV Linac ~ 700m Active Length Main Injector @2 MW Neutrino Target Neutrinos to “Homestake” 8 GeV Superconducting Linac Anti- Proton

5. HINS-PD-ILC • Meld two apparently competing priorities into a single synergistic program. • 1.5% ILC Demonstration • Seed for SCRF Industrialization in the US and International Collaborations (India/China) • In the event the start of the ILC construction is slower than the technically-limited schedule, this is beneficial to: • n and “high-intensity” proton-beam physicists with near-term physics program • …… • X-ray FEL Lab in Illinois • Illinois Neutron Lab • “RIA-like” Lab HEP - eyes Multi-Disc. Lab - eyes

6. Modulator ~80 % of the Engineering & Technical System Complexity R&D HINS Program (2007-2010) Elliptical Option β=.47 β=.47 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 or… 325 MHz Spoke Resonators “PULSED RIA” Front End Linac 325 MHz 0-110 MeV 0.5 MW Initial 8 GeV Linac Single 3 MW JPARC Klystron Modulator Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavity Phase and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners 11 Klystrons (2 types) 449 Cavities 51 Cryomodules H- RFQ MEBT RTSR SSR DSR DSR β<1 ILC LINAC 10 MW ILC Multi-Beam Klystrons Modulator 1300 MHz 0.1-1.2 GeV 48 Cavites / Klystron 2 Klystrons 96 Elliptical Cavities 12 Cryomodules β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 8 Cavites / Cryomodule 80 % of the Production Cost 8 GeV Linac Program (post-2010?) 8 Klystrons 288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules ILC LINAC 1300 MHz β=1 • ~1 Gev’sh SC Linac (ex: EA) • has very little “ILC” in it • no frequency transition (?) Modulator Modulator Modulator Modulator 10 MW ILC Klystrons 36 Cavites / Klystron β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 Modulator Modulator Modulator Modulator β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

7. ANL-FNAL Collaboration on R&D ANL-FNAL HINS R&D Goals • HINS R&D Phase: Proof of innovative approach to high intensity beam acceleration ! • 2007-2010 R&D period • Prove, Develop & Build Front-End in Meson Bldg. at 325 MHz (0-60 MeV) since much of the technical complexity is in the FE Mechanical/RF Systems • Demonstrate for the first time Amplitude/Phase Modulator (FVM) Technology and RF Power Scheme with H- • Demonstrate for the first time RT-SC Transition at 10 MeV • Acquire capability to test/operate SC Spoke Cavities at FNAL • Demonstrate for the first time beam loading and pulsed operation of Spoke Cavities • Demonstrate Axis-Symmetric focusing and Beam Chopping • Demonstrate for the first time the ability to drive RT and SC Sections with a single klystron • Retain conceptual design compatibility between HINS and ILC • b=1 R&D is necessary in the event of an 8 GeV Linac phase • 8 GeV Linac Phase • “Post-2010”period • Construction of ~400 ILC-like cavities and ~50 ILC-like cryomodules at 1.3 GHz

8. RFQ MEBT RT -CHSR SSR1 (b=0.22) SSR2 (b=0.4) IS 2.5 0.050 10 W (MeV) 30 60 Front End - Beam Line Layout Beam Line Elements: 19 Conventional RT Cavities 29 SC Spoke Cavities and 3 Cryomodules 42 SC Focusing Solenoids RF Power Elements: one 325 MHz Klystron/Modulator one 400 kW RFQ FVM 19 ~20 kW FVM/Fast Tuning for RT Section 29 ~20-120 kW FVM/Fast Tuning for SC Section Frequency 325 MHz Total length ~ 55 m

9. Pulse Transformer Modulator Klystron HINS Floor Plan in Meson Detector Building ILC HTC Cave Cavity Test Cave RF Component Test Facility Klystron and Modulator Area 60 MeV Linac Cave Existing CC2 Cave Ion Source and RFQ Area 150 ft.

10. ’05-’07 Achievements • Beam Dynamics Simulation • P. Ostroumov’s Group • Basic Design of 8 GeV Linac • Merging of HINS with 6 GeV ILC Test Linac • Beam Elements Design • P. Ostroumov’s Group • Design of RFQ • K. Shepard’s Group • Design of SSR1 (Superconducting Single Spoke Resonator) • Industrial Transfer (Roark-Indiana) • Activities covered by bilateral MOUs in FY06 and FY07 • FY06 700 k$ (4.9 M$ HINS budget) • FY07 ~400 k$ (2.2 M$ HINS budget)

11. 2.5 MeV RFQ

12. PD-ILC 6 GeV Test Linac Original Design P.Ostroumov (ANL) J.P.Carniero (FNAL) S.Aseev (FNAL – ex ANL) I. Mustafa (ANL)

13. ANL-FNAL-Roark “Industrialization” CMM check of end wall fixture ROARK power coupler brazed transitions (ANL)

14. ’07-’10 Plans for ANL-FNAL • Beam Dynamics Simulation • P. Ostroumov’s Group • Continued support on Beam Simulation • Definition or Mechanical and RF Tolerancies • Analysis/Optimization of Beam Operations • Merging of HINS with 6 GeV ILC Test Linac • Beam Elements Operations/Production • P. Ostroumov’s Group • Participation in RFQ Operation • M.Kelly- J.Fuerst Group • Etching of Prototype SSR1 (4 cavities) • Etching of SSR1 Production (18+ cavities) in 2008-’09 • Etching of SSR1 Production (11+ Cavities) in 2009-’10

15. ANL Processing Facilities Housing cathode End plate cathode

16. Conclusions • Very fruitful ANL-FNAL Collaboration in place on HINS • Strong relationship between FNAL and ANL Scientist on accelerator physics and design of beam elements • Plans to use heavily ANL processing facilities for HINS SSR cavities • Funding support of manpower may become problematic if HINS budget remains constant or decreases

17. Supporting Slides

18. Intense Proton Source & FE under consideration around the World …excluding SNS and JPARC Pulsed • CERN SPL II – (n,EURISOL) • 3.5 GeV H- Linac at 4 MW • Rutherford Accelerator Lab – ESS (Neutron, n) • Synchrotron-based PD, 5-15 GeV, 4 MW, 180 MeV Linac FE CW • CEA Saclay – IPHI Injector (Neutron, Transmutation) • LNL TRASCO – (Transmutation) R.Maier – EPAC 2002

19. FNAL Strategic Plan http://fra-hq.org/pdfs/Science_Strategy.pdf • Intense Proton Source for neutrino and muon production • HINS R&D Program (up to 2010) • (Possible) Merge with 6 GeV ILC Test Linac (after 2010)

20. standard with 8 ILC-units Beam Dynamics RMS long. emittance Max envelope