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InfraCo Limited

InfraCo Limited. Project Structures to Mitigate Risks and Access Capital Regional Electricity Investment Conference 19-21 September 2005 Windhoek, Namibia. Guiding Principles.

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InfraCo Limited

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  1. InfraCo Limited Project Structures to Mitigate Risks and Access Capital Regional Electricity Investment Conference 19-21 September 2005 Windhoek, Namibia

  2. Guiding Principles • Are the risks being distributed and allocated to the project participant best capable of assuming this risk? • Are there any residual risks assumed by the Project that it does not control

  3. Project Financing Project Structure Construction Loan Equity/Debt Energy Purchase Agreements Power User Thermal User Operations & Maintenance Regular Operation, Overhaul And Outage Maintenance Turnkey Design & Construction Engineering, Equipment Procurement, Construction Start-up and Testing Sovereign/Regulatory Issues Project Fuel Supply Agreements Primary/Secondary Fuel Sources Transportation Environmental & Other Permitting Permits for Plant, Air, Water, Mining & Ash Disposal Site Control Site Right-of-Ways and Easements Typical Project Structure

  4. Power Purchase Agreement • Tariff Structure • Capacity • Energy • Foreign Exchange Indexation • Inflation Indexation • Term • Longer the Term the Cheaper Capacity Payment • Early Termination and Financing Assumption

  5. Equipment, Procurement & Construction • Scope of Work • Interconnection Issues • Handover • Contract Price • Currency and Inflation Indexation • Change Orders • Guarantees • Output • Heat Rate

  6. Operation &Maintenance • Owner Operated • Regular Maintenance • Major Maintenance • Term • Price Protection • Availability Guarantee

  7. Fuel Supply • Plant Operating Characteristics • Minimum Take • Price Formula • Matching Energy Payment • Delivery Risk • Security Package • Termination

  8. Sovereign Guarantee • Financial Guarantee • Limited Value • Ring-Fencing Sector Cash Flow • More Effective • More Controversial • Change of Law/ Regulatory Risk • Exchange Controls • Covertibility • Availability • Political Events • Expropriation

  9. Management Team • InfraCo Management Services Limited 12 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4RB Tel: +44 (0) 20 7153 5879 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7849 5881 • Richard Parry Tel: +44 (0) 20 7153 5880 E-mail: richard.parry@infracolimited.com • Gad Cohen Tel: +44 (0) 20 7153 5883 E-mail: gad.cohen@infracolimited.com • Ebbe Hamilton Tel: +44 (0) 20 7153 5879 E-mail: ebbe.hamilton@infracolimited.com • Tony Clamp Tel: +44 (0) 20 7153 5881 E-mail: tony.clamp@infracolimited.com • Jonathan Hoffman Tel: +44 (0) 20 7153 5882 E-mail: jonathan.hoffman@infracolimited.com

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