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Science Warm-up 1/9/2012

Science Warm-up 1/9/2012.

isanne
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Science Warm-up 1/9/2012

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  1. Science Warm-up 1/9/2012 • You are a home builder. You just receive word that you are supposed to build a brand new house for someone. What process, or order, would you go through to build the house. Ex) The first thing I would do is draw out my blueprints. This should be 5 sentences and left in your folders.

  2. Chapter 6: Chemistry in Biology Wood Biology B Fall 2011

  3. BIG Idea (p.146) • Atoms are the foundation of biological chemistry and the building blocks of all living organisms.

  4. Section 1: Atoms, Elements and Compounds

  5. Concepts for Section 1 • Atoms • Elements • Isotopes • Compounds • Van der Waals forces • Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds

  6. Atoms (p.148) • Atoms are composed of protons, electrons and neutrons. • Charges of those particles: • Proton + • Neutron X • Electron -

  7. Elements (p.149) • An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken into other substances.

  8. Isotopes (p.150) • Isotopes- Atoms of the same element that have different amount of neutrons.

  9. Compounds (p.151) • Compounds are formed when two or more different elements combine.

  10. Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds (p.152) • Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared. • Ionic Bonds form when there is an electrical attraction between two ions. • Ions are charged particles.

  11. Van der Waals Forces (p.155) • Attractive forces between positive and negative regions of molecules.

  12. Chapter 6, Section 2Chemical Reactions

  13. Concepts of Section 2 • Chemical Reactions • Balancing Equations • Endothermic vs. Exothermic Reactions • Enzymes

  14. What are chemical reactions? (p.156) • Chemical reactions- are where atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances. • Are these important? Why or why not?

  15. Chemical vs. Physical Changes • Changes can either be chemical or physical changes. How can we tell the difference? • Chemical changes usually produce light, form a new gas/solid, or the releasing of heat.

  16. Chemical equations (p.157) • There are two parts for every chemical reaction. There are the reactants and the products. • 2Al + S8 Al2S8 • REACTANTS  PRODUCTS

  17. Parts of a chemical equation • Coefficient • Products • Reactants • Subscript • Yield sign • N2+2H32NH3

  18. Law of Conservation of Mass • Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a reaction. • Therefore, equations must always be balanced.

  19. Balancing Equations • Al + S8 Al2S3

  20. Practice Equations • K + B2O3 K2O + B • CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O • N2 + H2  NH3

  21. Endothermic vs. Exothermic (p.158) • ENDO-thermic • EXO-thermic • ENDO- energy is absorbed and goes IN • EXO- energy is released and goes OUT

  22. Reaction graphs

  23. Enzymes (p.159) • A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction.

  24. Enzymes cont. • Enzymes are the biological catalysts. • Without enzymes human life would not be possible. • These are like the frying pans of chemical reactions.

  25. Section 3: Water and Solutions

  26. Section 3 Concepts • Polarity • Mixtures • Acids and Bases • pH

  27. Polarity (p.161) • Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are polar molecules. • For water, this is created through the formation of hydrogen bonds. (what connects the hydrogen to the oxygen)

  28. Mixtures (p.163) • Homogeneous mixtures • Uniform throughout • Heterogeneous mixtures • You can pick out the individual pieces.

  29. Homogeneous Mixtures • Solute • The substance that is dissolved • Solvent • The substance something is being dissolved in.

  30. Acids and Bases

  31. An acid falls on the scale between 0 and 7 • A base falls onto the scale between 7 and 14 • A neutral falls onto the scale at 7

  32. Acids vs. Bases Acids Bases Bitter taste Slippery to the touch Commonly used as cleaners BLUE • Sour taste • Corrosive • RED

  33. Section 4 The Building Blocks of Life

  34. Concepts for Section 4 • Carbon • Macromolecules (4) • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  35. Carbon • Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry. • If a molecule does not contain carbon, the molecule is more than likely not living.

  36. Macromolecules • Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed of smaller organic molecules, or building blocks.

  37. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are chains of sugars (saccharides) • One sugar = mono-saccharide • Two = di-saccharide • These are commonly found in bread pasta and other “starchy” foods.

  38. Carbohydrates • Store energy • Provides structural support • Building block: saccharides

  39. Lipids • Stores energy • Provides steroids • Waterproofs coatings • Ex) vegetable oil • Building blocks: fatty acids

  40. Protiens • Transports substances • Speeds reactions • Provides structural support • Provides hormones • Ex) Steak • Building Block: amino acids

  41. Nucleic Acids • Stores and communicates genetic material. • Ex) DNA • Building block: nucleotides

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