Getting to California

1. Ch 26 Sec 1: Student Movement / Counterculture ____________ - began in the 1950s as a protest to the suburban conformity of the “American Dream” ____________ - California university that was a focus of the student movement for “free speech” using sit-in protests ____________ - Supreme Court ruling approving high school students’ freedom of speech if its not disruptive to the educational process (black arm bands protesting Vietnam) ____________ - (hippies) mostly white kids who turned their backs on middle-upper class lives to embrace a new style of “independent living” revolving around music and drugs ____________ - living arrangement in which everything is shared by the group that lives there ____________ - cross roads in San Francisco, CA that was looked at as the center of the counterculture movement ____________ - taking subject matter from popular culture and celebrating them with bold colors (Andy Warhol) Getting to California

2. Textbook Assignment (pp.800-805) Section 1: The Student Movement and the Counterculture • What were some of the things that helped fuel the youth movement of the 1960s? • What types of “Free Speech” were students trying to achieve on college campuses in the 1960s? • What were some characteristics of the “hippie” movement? • What led to the decline of the counterculture? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2

3. Chapter Objectives Section 1: The Student Movement and the Counterculture • Explain the origins of the nation’s youth movement.  • Define the goals of serious members of the counterculture. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2

4. Guide to Reading Main Idea During the 1960s, many of the country’s young people raised their voices in protest against numerous aspects of American society.  Key Terms and Names • Port Huron Statement  • commune  • Haight-Ashbury district  • Jimi Hendrix • Tom Hayden  • counterculture  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-1

5. The Growth of the Youth Movement • During the 1960s, a youth movement developed that challenged American politics, its social system, and the values of the time. (pages 800–802) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-5

6. The Growth of the Youth Movement • The beginning of the 1960s youth movement began in the 1950s. • During the 1950s, the nation had a boom in its economy that not all Americans enjoyed. • Some Americans, especially writers and artists of the “beat” movement, openly criticized American society. (pages 800–802) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-5

7. The Growth of the Youth Movement • The youth movement also reflected the huge number of baby boomers. • By 1970, 58.4 percent of the American population was 34 years old or younger. (pages 800–802) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6

8. The Growth of the Youth Movement • The economic boom of the 1950s led to a dramatic increase in college enrollment. • College gave young people the opportunity to share their feelings and fears about the future with others. (pages 800–802) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6

9. The Growth of the Youth Movement • Students concerned about injustices in political and social issues formed the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). • Their views were written in the 1962 declaration known as the Port Huron Statement. • Written by Tom Hayden, editor of the University of Michigan’s student newspaper, the statement called for an end to apathy and urged citizens to stop accepting a country run by corporations and big government. (pages 800–802) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7

10. The Growth of the Youth Movement • A group of activists at the University of California at Berkeley, led by Mario Savio, began the Free Speech Movement. • The group, disgruntled by several practices at the university, staged a sit-in at the administration building. • After some 700 protesters were arrested, a campus-wide strike stopped classes for two days. (pages 800–802) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

11. The Growth of the Youth Movement • The administration gave in to the students’ demands, and the Supreme Court validated the students’ rights to freedom of speech and assembly on campus. • The Berkeley revolt became the model for college demonstrations around the country. (pages 800–802) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9

12. What does your “Freedom of Speech” at Cy-Woods have to do with Vietnam? Tinker v. Des Moines School District, 1969 Students had worn black arms bands to protest the Vietnam War and were suspended by the school. The Supreme Court overruled the punishment of this “symbolic speech” because it did not disrupt the educational process. “It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.” FYI 1-1

13. The Counterculture • Some young Americans did not challenge the system. • Instead, they sought to create their own society. • The counterculture, or hippies, were mostly white youths from middle- and upper-class backgrounds. • They lived a life that promoted flamboyant dress, rock music, drug use, and free and independent living. (pages 802–803) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-11

14. The Counterculture(cont.) • At the core of the counterculture was a utopian ideal of living, or the ideal of a society that was free, closer to nature, and full of love, empathy, tolerance, and cooperation. • As the movement grew, newcomers did not always understand these roots and focused on the outward signs of the movement. • Long hair, Native American headbands, shabby jeans, and drugs were common. (pages 802–803) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-12

15. The Counterculture(cont.) • Communes or group living arrangements in which members shared everything and worked together, were formed as hippies dropped out of society. (pages 802–803) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-13

16. The Counterculture(cont.) • One of the most popular hippie destinations was the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-13

17. The Counterculture(cont.) • As counterculture members rejected materialism, many embraced spirituality. • A broad range of beliefs–including astrology, magic, Eastern religions, and new forms of Christianity–were popular. • Two new religious groups of this time were the Unification Church and the Hare Krishna movement. (pages 802–803) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-14

18. Moonies were married in mass wedding ceremonies known as “Blessings.” Rev. Moon and his wife presided over the ceremonies. Moonies believed that blessed couples would have sinless children. FYI 1-1

19. Messiah or Maniac? Living in a commune like lifestyle, a lifelong criminal by the name of Charles Manson is able to convince some people to become followers of him. (members of his “family”) They commit a series of murders in the Los Angles area in 1969. Manson based his teachings on the Beatles’ “White Album” where he was convinced the group was talking to him and telling him to commit these crimes. FYI 1-1

20. “The Family” • Group of young “hippies “ who join a cult led by Charles Manson. • Plenty of drugs and free love ($21,000in medical bills for std’s) • He convince his followers to kill for him • Tate-La Bianca Murders • Still in prison FYI 1-1

21. Members of “The Family” FYI 1-1

22. The Counterculture(cont.) • The counterculture declined, as some hippie communities became a place where criminal activity was common. • Drug use declined as the excitement faded and as more young people became addicted or died from overdoses. (pages 802–803) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-14a

23. Impact of the Counterculture • The counterculture had an impact on American life as mainstream America adopted some of their ideas. • The international fashion world looked to the counterculture to create new fashions with more color and comfort. • Military, worn-out, and ethnic clothing was popular. • As the initial shock of the counterculture waned, what was once clothing of defiance became mainstream. (pages 803–805) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-16

24. Impact of the Counterculture(cont.) • During the 1960s, the distinction between traditional art and popular art, or pop art, ended. • Pop art took its subject matter from popular culture, using photographs, comics, advertisements, and brand-name products. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-17

25. Impact of the Counterculture(cont.) • The new generation of music added to the rift between parents and youth. • Musicians like the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Janis Joplin used lyrics to describe the fears and hopes of the new generation. • The master of the electrically amplified guitar, Jimi Hendrix, gained stardom after returning to the United States from Great Britain. (pages 803–805) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-18

26. End of Section 1