Indians -Name origin

1. Indians -Name origin Actually before the end of the 15th century American Indian do not have a unified title law. When Italian navigator Columbus sailed to America in 1492, thought by mistake the place of arrival was India, so have this place resident call " Indians " (Spanish: " Indios" ) .Though descendant has found the mistake, original call has already been popularized, so call indian " west indians " in English and other European languages. But by the 20th centuried, the status of a lot of American Indian of American states had obvious improvement, some government organs or non-government organizations begin to " American Indian " this name " rectify name ", for example often known as the more political and more correct one in Canada " first nations" . 印第安人在15世紀末之前本來並沒有統一的稱法。1492年意大利航海家哥倫布航行至美洲時，誤以為所到之處為印度，因此將此地的土著居民稱作“印度人”（西班牙語：“indios”），後人雖然發現錯誤，但是原有稱呼已經普及，所以英語和其他歐洲語言中稱印地安人為“西印度人”。不過到20世紀，許多美洲國印第安人的地位有明顯改善，一些政府機構或民間組織開始對“印第安人”這一名稱進行“正名”，比如在加拿大往往被稱為更加政治正確的“第一民族。

2. Indians -Ethnic group's physique American Indian, yellow , the oldest residents in America. It is said that was moved into 15000 25000 years ago successively by Bering by Asia, is distributed in South and North America. The language belongs to the Indian linguistic subfamily. Plant cropssuch as the corn, potato, sunflower, cotton, Peruvian bark tree,etc.Atfirst, make contributions to the mankind. Before the 16th century, maternal the intersection of clan and stage still, have minority like Maya people, Inca people and Aztecpeople already form the early slavery country and have quite high culture now too mostly. Wrecked and massacre by European colonists from the 16th century, development is cut off, depopulation. There are more than 32 million people now. Mainly engaged inagriculture. North America nearly has more than 800,000 people left, mostly rushed to enter and keep, life is arduous. Generally both discriminated against in China and the United States and South America by country ruler and assimilation. 印第安人，黃種人，美洲最古老的居民。據傳在15000—25000年前由亞洲經白令海峽陸續遷入，分佈南北美洲。語言屬印第安語族。最先種植玉米、馬鈴薯、向日葵、棉花、金雞納樹等作物，對人類作出貢獻。16世紀前，多半尚處於母系氏族階段，也有少數象瑪雅人、阿茲特克人和印加人等已形成早期奴隸制國傢和有相當高的文化。16世紀起遭歐洲殖民者的摧殘和殺戮，發展中斷，人口下降。現有3200餘萬人。主要從事農業。北美約剩80餘萬人，大都被趕入保留地，生活艱苦。在中美和南美一般都受所在國統治者的歧視和同化。

3. Indians -Religious belief • American Indian believe " everything have fairy theories ", they respect naturally, respond with and revere the attitude to the nature. American Indian have already been assimilated by the faith of European Christianity on intensity, American most American Indian today believe Christ, but Indian primitive faith still exists, it and Christianity mix, become a kind of strange religious belief. The Cartsaid, the religious belief occupies very high status in American Indian's life, the most important clan leader is the religious leader, his power on the internal affairs is higher than clan's leader. In most clans, clan's leader is only responsible for the foreign affairs, mainly have dealings with union or local government, he represent clan to the outside, but the intersection of appointment and right of him in the religious leader, he should listen to religious leader at the internal affairs even more. 印第安人相信“萬物有靈論”，他們崇敬自然，對自然界都報以敬畏態度。印第安人程度上已經被歐洲基督教信仰所同化，在今天的美國大部分印第安人信基督，但印第安的原始信仰仍然存在，它與基督教相混雜，成為一種奇怪的宗教信仰。卡耶特說，宗教信仰在印第安人生活中占據很高地位，最重要的部落首領是宗?郅滼S，他在內部事務上的權力高於部落首長。在大多數部落，部落首長僅負責對外事務，主要是與聯邦或當地政府打交道，他對外代表部落，但他的任命權在宗教領袖，他在對內事務上更要聽宗教領袖的。

4. Indians-religeon festival Grap Festival whether American Indian commemorate religious rites of the dead, commemorate leaders and their relatives of American Indian that die in the past year those. " Grap" is a kind of local trees names, it is said American Indian's ancestors have utilized this kind of trees to let the late person wake up from death, enshrined and worshipped for " supernatural tree " by locals. One for each of the dead " Grap" trunk, put up one shed for each trunk later, dig 50 cm of ground upright buried under the shed side by side all trunk, they dress up the trunk as dressing up the late relative then. They daub different patterns for the trunk first according to the dead's gender and identity first, then wear and wear various ornament. • 瓜魯普節是印第安人紀念死者的宗教儀式，紀念那些在過去的一年中死去的印第安人的領袖和他們親屬。“瓜魯普”是當地的一種樹木名字，傳說印第安人的先人們曾利用這種樹木讓已故的人死而復生，因此被當地人供奉為“神樹”。每位死者一根"瓜魯普"樹幹，之後為每個樹幹搭一個棚子，挖地50公分將所有樹幹並排直立埋在棚子下面，接著他們像打扮已故的親人一樣將樹幹梳妝打扮一番。他們先根據死者的性別和身份先為樹幹塗抹不同的花紋，然後再佩戴上各種裝飾物。

5. Indians-religeon festival • The night comes, each trunk begins to fire on fire one around, the dead's relatives are under the wizard's company, enclose the already ornamental trunk that has dressed up like American Indian that alive around, begin to cry bitterly before dawn. During this time, the wizard prays while waving the percussion instrument in the hand ceaselessly. Began to carry on the wrestling match with the host early in the morning the next day. The competition goes on between host and representative of every clan, spread beautiful oil color and various patterns on everybody's body, do not carry on the match between each clan invited. And imitate the voice that leopards emitted on one side, until the rival is overthrown. 夜幕降臨，每根樹幹周圍開始燃起火把，死者的親屬們在巫師的陪伴下，圍在已經裝飾打扮過得像活著的印第安人一樣的樹幹周圍，開始痛哭直到凌晨。期間，巫師不停地邊搖動手中的打擊樂器邊祈禱。第二天一大早，開始和主人進行摔跤比賽。比賽在主人和每一個部落的代表之間進行，每個人的身上都塗上美麗油彩和各種花紋，被邀請的各個部落之間不進行比賽。並一邊模仿豹子發出的聲音，直到對手被打倒。