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CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS. Topic 3 Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech, Voice and Auditory System The Respiratory System. Anatomical Terms. Anterior toward the front Posterior/Dorsal toward the back Superior upper Inferior lower

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CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

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  1. CSD 2230HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS Topic 3 Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech, Voice and Auditory System The Respiratory System

  2. Anatomical Terms Anteriortoward the front Posterior/Dorsal toward the back Superior upper Inferior lower External toward the outside Internal toward the inside Medialtoward or near the midline Lateraltoward the side Deepaway from the surface Superficialtoward the surface

  3. Anatomical Terms Relating to Musculature • Origina muscle’s point of attachment that’s relatively fixed • Insertiona muscle’s point of attachment that’s relatively movable • Actionthe movement of a structure that occurs during muscle contraction. Usually occurs at the insertion point

  4. Respiratory System primary biological function of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen to the blood and remove excess carbon dioxide from the body Supplying the power source for speech is a secondary function

  5. Structural Framework of the Respiratory System • Vertebral column • Thorax • Pectoral girdle • Pelvic girdle

  6. Vertebral Column Comprised of 32 separate bony vertebrae joined together by ligaments or fibrous connective tissue

  7. Vertebrae • Body • Spinal processes

  8. Vertebral Column • Cervical (7) Sacral (5) • Thoracic (12) Coccygeal (5) • Lumbar (5)

  9. Thorax • 12 thoracic vertebrae • Sternum • 12 pairs of ribs

  10. Thorax • True Ribs • Costal cartilages • Sternum • False ribs • Floating ribs

  11. Pectoral Girdle • Clavicle • Scapula

  12. Pelvic Girdle • Ilium • Ischium • Pubis

  13. Pulmonary System • Trachea • Lungs

  14. Trachea • Cartilaginous and membranous tube • 20 horseshoe-shaped rings of cartilage that extends downward from the larynx

  15. Pulmonary System

  16. Musculature • Muscles of inhalation • Above the diaphragm • Muscles of exhalation • Below the diaphragm • Paired

  17. Muscles of Inhalation Diaphragm • A thin, dome-shaped structure composed of muscle fibers and a broad tendon on its superior surface. • As the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the lungs downward increasing lung volume

  18. Other Muscles of Inhalation external intercostals • 11 pairs of muscles • located in the spaces between the ribs • assist in increasing the size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation

  19. Other Muscles of Inhalation internal intercostals • paired with the externals and lie just deep to them. • help control the descent of the rib cage during exhalation

  20. Pectoralis Major and Minor Major is the upper view; minor is the lower view Both assist in elevation of the ribs and in thoracic expansion during inhalation

  21. Levatores Costarum • 12 pairs • located on the posterior aspect of the rib cage • serve to elevate the ribs and expand the thorax during inhalation.

  22. Sternocleidomastoid and Scalene Muscles Found primarily in the neck Pull up on the sternum and first 2 ribs during inhalation

  23. Muscles of Exhalation External Obliques

  24. Muscles of Exhalation Internal Obliques

  25. Muscles of Exhalation Transverse Adominis

  26. Muscles of Exhalation Rectus Abdominis

  27. Physiology for Respiration and Breathing for Speech Tidal Breathing • Rate and depth depends on the body’s oxygen needs and amount of CO2 in the blood

  28. Physiology for Respiration and Breathing for Speech Inhalation • Rib cage elevates, causing the lungs to expand Exhalation • Thorax decreases, reducing lung volume • Air pressure in the lungs increases • Air rushes out • Passive recoil forces

  29. Speech Breathing Respiration during speech differs from quiet, tidal, breathing in a number of ways: • during speech breathing, inhalations occur only at major linguistic boundaries like between phrases and sentences • during speech breathing, the time spent inhaling is shortened greatly and the time spent exhaling is greatly increased • during quiet breathing, the air exchange during one respiratory cycle is about 1/2 liter whereas one may inhale as much as 2 liters of air during speech breathing, depending on the utterance • speech breathing frequently requires active muscle contraction during exhalation

  30. Life-Span Issues Regarding Respiration • Tidal breathing rate • Maximum lung capcity • Factors affecting lung function • Age • Exercise • Health • Smoking

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