CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

1. CSD 2230HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS Topic 3 Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech, Voice and Auditory System The Laryngeal and Articulatory/Resonating Systems Speech Production Process

2. The Laryngeal System Functions: • Biological • Prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea • Coughing • Speech • voicing

3. Structural Support • Hyoid bone • Thyroid cartilage • Cricoid cartilage • Arytenoid cartilages • Epiglottis

4. Structural Support

5. Vocal Folds Points of attachment: • Thyroid cartilage • Artenoid cartilages

6. Vocal Folds and Their Points of Attachment • Thyroid • Arytenoid • Glottis • CD ROM demo 12.01 and 12.05

7. Muscles of the Larynx A number of muscles that assist in the movement of the vocal folds and larynx Three groups

8. Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles These muscles have one point of attachment on some structure of the larynx and another point of attachment on structure outside the larynx

9. Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx These muscles have both points of attachment within the larynx • Muscles of abduction • Muscles of adduction • Tensor muscles

10. Supplemental Muscles of the Larynx These muscles have one point of attachment on the hyoid bone and course either above or below • Suprahyoid • Work to raise the larynx • Infrahyoid • Work to drop the larynx

11. Some Major Laryngeal Muscles Posterior cricoarytenoid • Intrinsic laryngeal muscle • Only muscle that abducts the fold

12. Some Major Laryngeal Muscles Lateral cricoarytenoid and Interarytenoids • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles • muscles that adduct the folds

13. Some Major Laryngeal Muscles Thyroarytenoid and Cricothyriod • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles • muscles that tense the larynx

14. The Articulatory/Resonating System Divisions of the vocal tract • The pharyngeal cavity • The oral cavity • The nasal cavity

15. The Skull Structural support system

16. Major Landmarks of the Skull for Speech Major landmarks include: • Maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone and arch, temporomandibular joint, temporal bone, and mastoid

17. Important Structures of the Vocal Tract Teeth • 16 pairs for 32 total • Imbedded within the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla • Think about /f/ and /th/

18. Important Structures of the vocal Tract Hard palate • Maxilla • Think about /t/ and /s/

19. Important Structures of the Vocal Tract Velum • Soft tissue • Think about /k/ and /g/ • Biological purpose of the velum is to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity • CD ROM demos • 11.07 and 11.08

20. Model of the Biological Function of the Velum

21. Hard and Soft Palates • Hard palate • Soft palate (velum)

22. Important Structures of the Vocal Tract The tongue A number of extrinsic and intrinsic musles make up the tongue

23. Major Muscles of the Tongue Responsible for moving the tongue around in the oral cavity

24. Life-Span Issues of the Articulatory/Resonating System • Skull • Size • Number of separate plates • Fusing of plates • Lower bones of the face • Tongue and lips

25. Speech Production Process • Vibration of the vocal folds • The glottal source • Modification of the glottal source by the vocal tract

26. Phonation • Folds are adducted by contraction of the intrinsic larygeal adductors • Glottis closes

27. Phonation • Subglottic pressure increases

28. Phonation • Subglottic pressure reaches a critical level and blows the vocal folds apart • Air rushing through the glottis causes negative pressure that helps pull the folds back together • Bernoulli Effect

29. Important Characteristics of the Glottal Source • Fundamental Frequency • Rate of vocal fold vibration • Determines the pitch of the voice • Spectrum • CD ROM demos • 12.06 and 12.08

30. Spectrum of the Glottal Source

31. Articulatory Classification System