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Peace Operations

Peace Operations. The Changing Face of Peacekeeping. 1. Content. The UN Charter The Cold War and the founding operations The Golden Age of peacekeeping The second generation The peacekeeping crisis Recent trends. 1.The UN Charter. 1.1. Collective security 1.2. The Security Council

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Peace Operations

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  1. Peace Operations The Changing Face of Peacekeeping 1

  2. Content • The UN Charter • The Cold War and the founding operations • The Golden Age of peacekeeping • The second generation • The peacekeeping crisis • Recent trends

  3. 1.The UN Charter 1.1. Collective security 1.2. The Security Council 1.3. Chapter VI 1.4. Chapter VII 1.5. The Military Staff Committee

  4. 2. The Cold War and the founding operations 2.1. Collective security: Korea 2.2. Legal creativity: « Uniting for Peace » 2.3. Operational creativity: peacekeeping • 1948 : Palestine • 1949 : India/Pakistan • 1956 : Suez

  5. 3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping • 10 operations between 1956 and 1974 • Practical experience • Building of a “culture” • No formal doctrine • 6 principles of “traditional” peacekeeping

  6. The 6 principles of « traditional » peacekeeping • UN operation • Established cease fire • Consent of warring parties • Impartiality • Balanced composition • Limited use of force

  7. Traditional Peacekeeping :an integrated strategy PRE REQUISIT ACTIVITY ACTOR PARAMETERS 2. Composition 1. UN 3. Impartiality 6. Consent 7. Interposition 4. Light weaponry 5. Cease fire

  8. First doctrinal attempt • An Agenda for Peace (1992) • Conflict Prevention • Peacemaking • Peacekeeping • Peacebuilding • Peace Enforcement

  9. 4. The Second Generation • International context : end of the Cold War - New conflicts - Unlocking of Security Council • Quantitative changes: number, size, cost • Qualitative changes: mandate, tasks, context

  10. Second doctrinal attempt • Supplement to An Agenda for Peace (1995)

  11. UNTAC 1992 ONUSAL 1991 MINURSO 1991 UNAVEM 1991 UNTAG 1989

  12. 5. The crisis of peacekeeping • Excess of credibility • High ambitions • Insufficient means • The fatal trilogy : UNPROFOR, UNOSOM, UNAMIR

  13. 6. Recent trends • Robust Operations • Regionalization • Unbalanced composition • Wining hearts and mind • Holistic approach of peace : long term, multidimensional

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