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Heat & Temperature

Chapter Overview: Phases of Matter What are they? What is effected by phase change – What is going on? What causes phase change?. Heat & Temperature. Chapter Overview: cont. Temperature Measuring temperature Thermometers Temperature Scales There are 3 F, C, & K. Heat & Temperature.

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Heat & Temperature

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  1. Chapter Overview: • Phases of Matter • What are they? • What is effected by phase change – What is going on? • What causes phase change? Heat & Temperature

  2. Chapter Overview: cont. • Temperature • Measuring temperature • Thermometers • Temperature Scales • There are 3 • F, C, & K Heat & Temperature

  3. Chapter Overview: cont. • Heat • Heat Flow • 3 types • Conduction • Convection • Radiation • Phase Change • Evaporation & Condensation Heat & Temperature

  4. Phases of Matter • Solid, Liquid, & Gas • Molecular arrangements • Arrangements and strength of attraction between molecules Heat & Temperature

  5. Solid • Definite shape & volume • Formed by strong bonds • Space between molecules • Does not conform when placed in a container • Rock vs Play-do Heat & Temperature

  6. Liquids • Bonds are not as strong as a solid • Definite volume (how much space it occupy) but not a definite shape • Will conform to its container Heat & Temperature

  7. Gasses • Weak cohesive forces • Molecules are far apart • No fixed shape, no fixed volume Heat & Temperature

  8. Heat & Temperature Solid Liquid Gas

  9. Kinetic Molecule Theory • Matter generally expands with increased temperature and contracts with decreased temperature • Higher temperatures molecules are moving faster – therefore they move further apart = expansion • Lower temperatures molecules are moving slower – therefore less movement = contraction • St. Louis Arch Heat & Temperature

  10. Thermometer • Based on the expansion and contraction of a liquid or solid (metal) • Mercury • Alcohol • Bimetallic • Iron & brass Heat & Temperature

  11. Temperature scales • Fahrenheit • Boiling Pt. = 212 degrees • Freezing Pt. = 32 degrees • Absolute 0 = -459 degrees • Celsius (Centigrade) • Boiling Pt. = 100 degrees • Freezing Pt. = 0 degrees • Absolute 0 = -273 degrees • Kelvin • Boiling Pt. = 373 degrees • Freezing Pt. = 273 degrees • Absolute 0 = 0 degrees Heat & Temperature

  12. Relationship between F & C Heat & Temperature

  13. Heat • The movement of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference • Measures of heat • Calorie • Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C • BTU (British thermal unit) • Energy needed to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F • Heat Flow • Conduction • Table 4.3 • Convection • Radiation Heat & Temperature

  14. Condensation & Evaporation • To increase evaporation • Increase temp of liquid • Increase surfacearea • Remove water vapor from near the surface – this prevents return of vapor to liquid state • Reduce atmospheric pressure Heat & Temperature

  15. Heat & Temperature

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