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Acids and Bases

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Acids and Bases

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    1. Acids and Bases April 2, 2003

    2. Acids Tastes sour Reacts with metals and carbonates - Corrosive? wear away metals Turns blue litmus red H+ ions in water

    3. Examples of Acids HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) HNO3 (Nitric Acid) H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid) H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid) HC2H3O2 (Acetic Acid) H3PO4 (Phosphoric Acid)

    4. Common Acids Oranges, lemons Folic Acid (Green, leafy vegetables) Lactic Acid (builds up in muscles) Car batteries (sulfuric acid) Fertilizers (Nitric and phosphoric acids)

    5. Bases Tastes bitter Feels slippery Turns red litmus paper blue “Opposite of Acids” OH- Ions in water

    6. Examples of Bases NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) KOH (Potassium hydroxide) Ca(OH)2 (Calcium hydroxide) Mg(OH)2 (Magnesium hydroxide) Al(OH)3 (Aluminum hydroxide) NH3 (Ammonia)

    7. Common Bases Baking soda (reacts with acids to produce CO2 gas) Milk of Magnesia and Calcium Carbonate Cement Drain cleaners and glass cleaner (ammonia)

    8. Review How can you use litmus paper to tell the difference between an acid and a base? Acid turns blue litmus red and Base turns red litmus paper blue. How can you tell if a food may contain an acid or a base as one of its ingredients? Acids=sour taste and Bases=bitter taste

    9. Review (cont.) Name at least two ways that acids and bases are useful around your home. Acids=foods and household cleaners Bases=unclog drains, clean windows, or cause breads and biscuits to rise

    10. pH Scale A range of values from 0 to 14 Expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution Low pH = concentration of H+ is high High pH = concentration of H+ is low

    11. pH (cont.) pH less than 7 the solution is acidic pH more than 7 the solution is basic

    12. pH Examples Hydrochloric Acid = pH = 0 Lemon = pH = 2 Banana = pH = about 4.8 Water = pH = 7 = neutral Blood = pH = 7.5 Soap = pH = 10 Drain Cleaner = pH = 14

    13. Acid-Base Reactions When acids and bases react the results in the product being neutral (or close to neutral) This is called a neutralization Produces water and a salt Ex. HNO3 + KOH ? H2O + KNO3 (water and potassium nitrate)

    14. Salts A salt is any ionic compound that that can form from the neutralization of an acid with a base

    15. Review If the pH of a solution is 6, would you expect more or fewer hydrogen ions (H+) than in a solution with a pH of 3? Explain why. Fewer. The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions.

    16. Review (cont.) What does the term salt mean to a chemist, and how may a salt form? An ionic compound that forms from the neutralization of an acid with a base. What salt would form from a reaction between HCl and Ca(OH)2? CaCl2 (calcium chloride)

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