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Southeast Asia. Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia. Burma (Myanmar) The Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam. Countries of Southeast Asia:. A long history of diversity. Influenced by China and India. Hinduism and Buddhism spread from India.
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Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Burma (Myanmar) The Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Countries of Southeast Asia:
A long history of diversity • Influenced by China and India. • Hinduism and Buddhism spread from India. • SE Asia kept some of its own traditions • Equal roles for women.
States were organized as rings of power around a central court called a mandala. • The Khmer Empire was a powerful empire from the 9th-15th century. • Mandalas made alliances and trade arrangements to survive.
Colonialism and Aftermath • Trade networks brought Arabian and Indian merchants who spread Islam. • 1509 Europeans arrived. • At first the goal of Europeans was to obtain wealth, not set up colonies.
As the region’s wealth flowed to Europe, local control declined. • By the 20th century all of SE Asia was colonized except Thailand. • Colonialism set up bureaucratic governments (non elected officials) with set regulations. • Colonialism when a stronger country controls a weaker country.
Europeans forced the colonies to produce commodities that would help Europe’s economy. • Rubber, sugar, rice, tea, and coffee. • Colonialism sparked nationalism by uniting groups against the Europeans. • Nationalism devotion and loyalty to one’s nation or culture group.
SE Asians gained Western education and learned about self-rule. • Independence promoted “Asia for Asians.” • Japan occupied SE Asia during WWII • Gave leadership roles to SE Asians.
After WWII, SE Asians leaders sought independence. • Indochina, a French colony of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, suffered for decades. • Vietnamese defeated the French in 1954, gaining independence for South Vietnam and North Vietnam.
Economy • Agriculture is the major basis for income. • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) promotes economic growth and peace in the region.
Culture • Buddhism, Catholicism, Islam, Hinduism and traditional local beliefs influence the region. • Most SE Asians live in rural villages and follow traditional ways, but some are changing due to urbanization. • Cities face a shortage of housing for migrants creating slums and unsafe living conditions.
