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The Endocrine System . Riley Graff, Dale Porter, and Tiffany Thornhill . Summary. The role of the endocrine system To maintain the body in balance through the release of hormones (chemical signals) directly into the bloodstream.
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The Endocrine System Riley Graff, Dale Porter, and Tiffany Thornhill.
Summary. • The role of the endocrine system • To maintain the body in balance through the release of hormones (chemical signals) directly into the bloodstream. • Grouped together because they release hormones into the blood without going through a duct (which is basically a tube) first. INTRODUCTION TO THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (2010) • Parts and Glands of the Endocrine System: • Adrenal Gland, • Hypothalamus, • Ovaries, • Parathyroid Glands, • Pineal Gland, • Pituitary Gland, • Thymus, • Testes, • Thyroid Gland. • ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-DESIGN: PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM(2010).
Hormones. • The foundations of the endocrine system are the hormones and glands. • Hormones are grouped into three classes based on their structure: • steroids • peptides • amines • The Endocrine System: Hormones (2010) • As the body's chemical messengers, hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. • Hormone levels can be influenced by factors such as stress, infection, and changes in the balance of fluid and minerals in blood. • Kid’s Health: About the Endocrine System; Page 1(2010) • They cause other things to start happening. It's as if they were keys which not only unlock the doors to other activities, but also regulate those other activities that they've initiated. • You’re Gross and Cool Body: The Endocrine System (2010)
What the Endocrine System Does. • Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the endocrine gland through the bloodstream to target cells designed to receive its message. Along the way to the target cells, special proteins bind to some of the hormones. • The special proteins act as carriers that control the amount of hormone that is available to interact with and affect the target cells. When the hormone reaches its target cell, it locks onto the cell's specific receptors and these hormone-receptor combinations transmit chemical instructions to the inner workings of the cell. • When hormone levels reach a certain necessary amount, further secretion is controlled by important body mechanisms to maintain that level of hormone in the blood. • This regulation of hormone secretion may involve the hormone itself or another substance in the blood related to the hormone. • Kid’s Health: About the Endocrine System (2010)
Glands. • A group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, chemicals. • Selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body. • Endocrine glands release more than 20 major hormones directly into the bloodstream where they can be transported to cells in other parts of the body. • Kid’s Health: About the Endocrine System; Page 1 (2010)
Hypothalamus. • It’s located in the limbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that controls emotions and behavior. • The hypothalamus gland controls our emotions and behaviors, including sexual behavior. • Another key activity of the hypothalamus is secreting hormones that support the normal function of the pituitary gland. • Other fundamental tasks, performed by the hypothalamus, include: • regulating body temperature, • appetite, digestion, • circulation • sleep. • About.com: What is the Hypothalamus gland? (2010)
Pituitary. • A small, oval-shaped gland located at the base of the brain; part of the endocrine system. • It has two lobes called the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary glands. • Often called the master gland, the pituitary gland releases hormones that cause other endocrine system glands to function normally. • About.com: Pituitary Gland (2010)
Thyroid. • Located in the lower front part of the neck. • It produces thyroid hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. • It also plays a role in bone growth and development of the brain and nervous system in children. • The pituitary gland controls the release of thyroid hormones. • Thyroid hormones also help maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, muscle tone, and reproductive functions. • Anatomy of the Endocrine System: Thyroid Gland (2010)
Adrenals. • They are triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. • It’s made up of two parts. The outer part is called the adrenal corte, and the inner part is called the adrenal medulla. • The outer part produces hormones called corticosteroids, which regulate the body's metabolism, the balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function. • The inner part, or adrenal medulla, produces hormones called catecholamines (for example, adrenaline). These hormones help the body cope with physical and emotional stress by increasing the heart rate and blood pressure. • Anatomy of the Endocrine System: Adrenal Glands (2010)
Pineal Body • It’s located in the middle of the brain. • It secretes a hormone called melatonin, which helps regulate the wake-sleep cycle of the body. • Anatomy of the Endocrine System: Pineal Body (2010)
Parathyroid. • Two pairs of small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, one pair on each side. • They release parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism. • Anatomy of the Endocrine System: Parathyroid Glands (2010)
