1 / 28

Macromolecules

Macromolecules. Introduction. Organic Compounds – contain carbon and hydrogen atoms Inorganic Compounds – contain one or the other, but not both. Most of your body’s molecules are organic. Macromolecules. Built from small organic compounds by linking a lot of chains. Monomers.

idola-barry
Download Presentation

Macromolecules

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Macromolecules

  2. Introduction • Organic Compounds – contain carbon and hydrogen atoms • Inorganic Compounds – contain one or the other, but not both. • Most of your body’s molecules are organic.

  3. Macromolecules • Built from small organic compounds by linking a lot of chains

  4. Monomers • Large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules. Mono = One

  5. Polymers • When monomers bind to one another to form a complex molecule. • Poly = many • Consists of repeated linked units which bind forming Macromolecules. • Macro = large

  6. Chemical reactions • Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called condensationreaction or dehydration synthesis. • Water is released or is a byproduct of the reaction.

  7. Hydrolysis • Break down of some complex molecules • Hydrolysis is the reverse of a condensation reaction.

  8. 4 main types of macromolecules • 1. Carbohydrates • 2. Lipids • 3. Proteins • 4. Nucleic Acids

  9. Carbohydrates • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1 • Glucose formula: C6H12O6 • SHORT TERM ENERGY • MAIN Source of Energy

  10. Monosaccharide's • Simple sugars Examples • Glucose: found in blood of animals • Galactose: found in milk • Fructose: found in fruit Isomers – same formula, but different structure

  11. Disaccharides • Contain 2 monosaccharide's joined by dehydration synthesis. Examples • Lactose: found in milk • Sucrose: transported in plants

  12. Polysaccharides • Carbohydrates formed from linking individual sugars into long chains. Examples • Starch: storage of glucose in in plants • Cellulose: contained in cell walls of plants • Glycogen: storage of glucose in animals (stored in the muscles and liver)

  13. Lipids • Do not dissolve in water 3 Functions • Energy storage – LONG TERM ENERGY • Structural support for cell membranes • Serve as a reactant (starting material) for metabolic reactions

  14. Lipids Cont. • Phospholipids make up the cell membrane.

  15. Fatty Acids • Building blocks that make up most lipids • Classified as either saturated or unsaturated

  16. Saturated Fatty Acids • Have the maximum number of bonds possible • They are full • Usually solid at room temp • Most come from animal products

  17. Unsaturated Fatty Acids • Have double bonds in the carbon chain • Most are liquid at room temp • Usually referred to as oils

  18. Triglycerides • Tri = 3 • Common lipid that contains fatty acids • Glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids in the shape of an E by condensation reaction.

  19. Proteins • Composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms • Construction materials for body part like hair, skin, nails, and blood

  20. Amino Acids • The building blocks that make up most proteins. • 20 different kinds of amino acids

  21. Enzymes • Important group of proteins • Help control chemical reactions by acting as catalysts. • Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy. • Enzyme rates are affected by Ph, hot and cold temperatures.

  22. Enzymes - Add • Substrates – reactants of enzyme – catalyzed reactions. • Reduces the energy needed for the reaction. • Works like a lock and key.

  23. VERY IMPORTANT • Proteins DO NOT produce, store, transmit, or have anything to do with ENERGY. • Do not get confused with protein bars!!!

  24. Nucleic Acids • Complex organic molecules that store genetic information in the cell.

  25. Nucleotides • Nucleotides are the building blocks that make up most nucleic acids • Consist of sugar, base, phosphate

  26. 3 main types of Nucleic Acids • 1. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid • Genetic info inside the nucleus of cells 2. RNA – Ribonucleic acid - code for protein synthesis 3. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate - Contains a base, sugar, and 3 phosphates - ATP is used as energy for the cell

More Related