Characteristics and Outcomes of an Innovative Ohio Juvenile Offender Reentry Program (ORP-J)

1. Characteristics and Outcomes of an Innovative Ohio Juvenile Offender Reentry Program (ORP-J) David Hussey & Rodney Thomas, Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Karl Cetina, Director of Cuyahoga County Juvenile TASC, Catholic Charities Services Gina Mazzone, Catholic Charities Services Magistrate TereaseNeff,Cuyahoga County Juvenile Court Ian Fraser, Regional Administrator, Ohio Department of Youth Services

2. Abstract The purpose of this workshop is to describe and discuss the components of an innovative juvenile offender reentry program, and explore the relationship between client characteristics, program factors, and individual outcomes related to criminal offending, mental health, and substance abuse.

3. RECLAIM • Funds over 610 direct service programs throughout the State • Prevention, diversion, community based treatment, and residential treatment • Touch nearly 110,000 youth who never reach our doors ACCOMPLISHMENTS • Created a network of community-based alternatives to incarceration  • Youth arrest and crime rates continue to fall  • Reduced the county’s and state’s over-reliance on confinement

4. National Trends – Number of persons under age 21 detained, incarcerated, or placed in residential facilities(1997-2010)

5. DYS Admissions 2004-2011(ODYS Deputy Director Dies, JDAI Inter-Site Conference, 4/26/12)

6. National Trends – Rate of persons under age 21 detained, incarcerated, or placed in residential facilities(1997-2010)

7. 2012 Cuyahoga - Documented Weapon Use

8. 2012 Cuyahoga - Need for Substance Abuse Services (JASAE)

9. Cuyahoga County DYS Youth Profile • Male: 95% • Immediate Family Member Incarcerated: 51% • 25% unknown • Youth Confirmed as Parents: 12% • Special Education Status: 39% • Prior Mental Health Treatment: 76% • DYS Mental Health Caseload: 57% • Males: 55% • Females: 100% • Currently on Psychotropics: 54%

10. Current Challenges (Columbus Dispatch, The Ohio Model, 1/10/13) “Ohio now spends $38 million less than it did three years ago. One-year recidivism rates (kids who reoffended) dropped to under 23 percent. That’s the lowest in nine years. More-compassionate punishment isn’t signaling to kids that they can get away with delinquent behavior; instead, it’s redeeming them: Ohio led the nation with the largest drop — a 74 percent plunge — in violent juvenile crime between 1995 and 2010. The state has closed more than half of its youth prisons since 2007. The number of incarcerated youths has dropped from 2,000 to about 500. But this has left the state institutions with a core of truly incorrigible kids…Gangs are prevalent, teaching conditions are poor, and youth aren’t getting enough help for mental illnesses. Currently, 52 percent of all youths are on the mental-health caseload; 91% of the girls are. More than half require special-education services.”

11. ORP & TASC: Challenges and Opportunities • Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities (TASC) • Offender Reentry Project (ORP-J): Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) • Pre-Release: Engagement, Evidence-Based Assessment, Planning & Services • Post Release: TxDosage; Retention; MET/CBT5; Comprehensive Case Management; Relapse Prevention; Dual Disorder Awareness and Intervention • Reentry Court • Establish effective partnerships and coalitions

12. TASC Clinical Case Management Model • Referral • Screening or Clinical Assessment • Recommendations & Service Planning • Service Referrals, Linkage, & Placement • Monitoring, Reporting (Service Plan Adjustments) • Termination

13. TASC Advantages • Timely assessments • Greater treatment retention • Improves client readiness • Provides additional services

14. Pre-Release: Evidence-Based Assessments • Ohio Youth Assessment System (OYAS) • Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN)

15. Pre-Release: Ohio Youth Risk Assessment System - OYAS • Based on risk, need, responsivity principles • Low, moderate, high risk categories • Multiple versions & domains

16. ORP-J Population Description

17. Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) • GAIN Background • Assessment • Client Profiles • Demographic • Criminal • Substance Abuse • Mental Health • Victimization

18. N=139 (total number of client records) • 100% male • 78% African American, 10% multiracial, 6% Caucasian, 2% any Hispanic, 1% other • Average age= 17 years (range=13-20) • 139 administered GAIN at intake • 101 with 3-month GAIN • 77 with 6-month GAIN • 33 with 12-month GAIN

19. ORP-J Client Race (N=139)

20. ORP-J Client Age (N=139)

22. ORP Lifetime Substance Severity (N=139)

24. Past Year Internalizing Problems (N=139)

25. Past Year Externalizing Problems (N=139)

26. Past Year Co-Occurring Internalizing and Externalizing Problems (N=139)

27. Lifetime Victimization (N=139)

28. Violence and Illegal Activity (N=139)

29. ReCAPP Structure • Phase I: Begins Pre-Release – TASC worker meetings; Forward Thinking Curriculum; Magistrate specifies 1-2 Phase 2 tasks. • Phase 2: Focus on Basic Reentry Goals; Magistrate specifies 1-2 tasks & issues rewards or sanctions; promote to level 3 (or team if not successful in 60 days). • Phase 3: Begins when basic reentry goals attained; maintain Phase 2 progress; Magistrate specifies 1-2 tasks & issues rewards or sanctions. • 6 month parole period = early discharge at 4 months • 9 month parole period = early discharge at 6-7 months

30. Forward Thinking

31. Pre-Release: ORP Flow Youth receives OYAS Risk Assessment at CCJC prior to commitment. Youth identified at Reception as ORP-J candidate and given further screen/assessment. Youth agrees to be involved in ORP-J and transferred to CHJCF or IRJCF • ODYS site Social Worker (SW) primary liaison with Juvenile TASC ORP-J Case Manager, Reentry Coordinator, PO from Cleveland Region. Formal Staffing meeting with youth/family may lead to referral to TASC and Reentry Court (REC); 16-week Cognitive-Behavioral Forward Thinking Curriculum • Final Staffing (30 days prior to release) for reentry plan (Unified Case Plan – UCP) and Reentry Court (REC) start date; GAIN-I Assessment & OYAS completed

32. Post Release: ORP Flow • Within 24 hours of the youth’s release to the community, the youth reports to the Juvenile Parole Officer (JPO). At this face-to-face meeting, all community stakeholders participate. TASC continues with weekly case management services back in the community for six months post-release. Phase one of Re-Entry Court (REC) begins on the 2nd or 4th Monday of the month. ORP-J Youth, Parent(s), JPO, TASC Case Manager, and other relevant stakeholders collaborate in order to administer appropriate incentives and necessary sanctions. Weekly drug screens begin. The Juvenile Parole Officer maintains weekly contact with ORP-J Youth and monitors collateral services with TASC case manager and family. The GAIN Assessment, completed in the pre-release phase, helps to determine appropriate level of care. • TASC Case Manager assists youth with engaging and following through with a minimum of 5 weekly MET/CBT-5 individual treatment sessions in non-intensive outpatient at Catholic Charities Services, and providing family sessions as needed.

33. Post ReleaseComponents • Parole supervision & monitoring • Drug screening • Reentry Court • Case management • Level of care services • MET/CBT-5

34. Case Study #1

35. Results