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Clippit Post Mortem Panel

Clippit Post Mortem Panel. Tim Bickmore John Davis Lewis Johnson Brian Whitworth. Format. Overview & Objectives Motivation behind & Genesis of Clippit Panelist presentations Audience Q&A. Panelist Questions. What is the best thing about Clippit from an etiquette perspective?

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Clippit Post Mortem Panel

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  1. Clippit Post Mortem Panel Tim Bickmore John Davis Lewis Johnson Brian Whitworth

  2. Format • Overview & Objectives • Motivation behind & Genesis of Clippit • Panelist presentations • Audience Q&A

  3. Panelist Questions • What is the best thing about Clippit from an etiquette perspective? • What is the single worst thing about Clippit from an etiquette perspective? • What could have been done to detect and fix the problem? • Is there a role for character-based interfaces in desktop applications? • What etiquette model(s) would you use? • What design methodology would you use? • How would you evaluate your design?

  4. What could have been done differently? A Look at Interruptions Tim Bickmore MIT Media Lab

  5. Turn-taking in f2f conversation • Duncan, S. On the structure of speaker-auditor interaction during speaking turns. Language in Society3, 1974, 161-180. • Goodwin, C. Achieving Mutual Orientation at Turn Beginning. Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. Academic Press, New York , 1981, 55-89. • Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., and Jefferson, G. A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation. Language50, 1974, 696-735. • Torres, O., et al Modeling Gaze Behavior as a Function of Discourse Structure, in Proceedings of First International Workshop on Human-Computer Conversation, 1997.

  6. Turn-taking in f2f conversation Function Behavior Speaker Give-Turn Paralinguistic drawl on final syllable of clause Termination of hand gesture Discourse markers (‘but uh’, ‘you know’) Completion of clause Auditor Take-Turn Gaze away Start of hand gesture Speaker Keep-Turn Gaze away Speaker Request Feedback Gaze towards & End clause Pause or Restart

  7. Interruption in f2f conversation • Bargiela-Chiappini, F. and Harris, S. J. Interruptive strategies in British and Italian management meetings. Text16, 3, 1996, 269-297. • Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987. • Tannen, D. Conversational Style: Analyzing talk among friends. Ablex, Norwood, New Jersey, 1984. • Ulijn, J. M. and Li, X. Is interrupting impolite? Some temporal aspects of turn-taking in Chinese-Western and other intercultural business encounters. Text15, 4, 1995, 589-627.

  8. Interruption in f2f conversation • “Any deviation from a smooth speaker switch” • Ulijn & Li • Unmarked – gives impression of a normal turn switch. • e.g. during hesitation in 2nd half of utterance • Marked – Depicted as unexpected by the speaker • e.g. during planning hesitation, or while speaking • Marked interruptions are more frequent • Study of Chinese, Finnish, Dutch – Ulijn & Li

  9. Interruption as Face Threat • True interruption (violation of norms) is a face threat. • Threat to positive face (desire for inclusion) • Threat to negative face (desire for autonomy) • Depending on nature of relationship, some amount of mitigation is called for • Positive politeness: I’m really enjoying your story, but.. • Negative politeness: I’m very sorry, but…

  10. Interruption in f2f conversation • Significant cultural variation in “involvement” style • Turn overlap / Inter-turn delay • Significant variation based on relationship • Power & Distance • Significant variation based on personality

  11. Interruption in f2f conversation • Interruptions are not always bad • In a study of British and Italian management meetings, the majority of interruptions were facilitative (supporting, reinforcing, etc.). [Bargiela-Chiappini & Harris] • Power • Conflicting findings on relationship with frequency of interruptions. • One study: high power interrupt and are interrupted more (and have more floor time); low power individuals rarely interrupt and are rarely interrupted. [ibid]

  12. Back to Clippit • Two levels of interrupt: • Shortcut tip – displays light bulb • Important, timely information — taps at the screen and gestures. • In both cases, character appears if not already displayed. • Both “wanting turn” signals, may be interpreted as interruptions.

  13. Suggestions for Clippit2 • Only interrupt at “transition relevant points” • When user has paused, or is otherwise in-between tasks. • Use gaze to help determine when user is giving the turn. • Be sensitive to culture, personality, “relationship”, even task context • e.g., a user on deadline probably doesn’t want tips • Be clear about how the relationship works • Express appropriate politeness

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