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Week 5: Lesson 1C

Week 5: Lesson 1C. English Writing (I) Level 1. Objectives. Identify direct and indirect objects (Review) Helping verbs in questions Helping verbs or main verbs: have, has, had Helping verbs or main verbs: be Helping verbs or main verbs: do, does, did Modals Supplementary materials.

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Week 5: Lesson 1C

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  1. Week 5: Lesson 1C English Writing (I) Level 1

  2. Objectives • Identify direct and indirect objects (Review) • Helping verbs in questions • Helping verbs or main verbs: have, has, had • Helping verbs or main verbs: be • Helping verbs or main verbs: do, does, did • Modals • Supplementary materials

  3. Identify direct and indirect objects • Visit the website to help you recognize body parts of a sentence http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/bodyparts.htm

  4. Identify direct and indirect objects: Review Identify direct and indirect objects: Review Point out objects (DO or IO) in the following sentences: 1. They gave the university a large endowment for the scholarship fund. 2. Can you understand anything that professor says? 3. The company has been mailing George CD catalogues ever since he bought his stereo. 4. I just can’t believe whatever he said. 5. Did you tell him the truth? IO DO DO IO DO DO DO IO

  5. DO 6. He didn’t know where to go. 7. He really enjoys watching animation pictures. 8. Mandy loves to go skiing. 9. He never shows her wife how he feels about her. 10. Mom makes me a lunch box every day. DO DO IO DO IO DO IO

  6. Helping verbs in questions-1 • 1) Yes/No questions Subject and verb change their position in statement and question. Statement: You are from France. Question: Are you from France? • If the answer is "Yes", we always use the long form. Example: Yes, I am. • If the answer is "No", we either use the long or the contracted form (short form).Example: No, I am not - No, I'm not.

  7. Helping verbs in questions-2 2) Questions with question words (simple present- no helping verbs) Question word+ Be V+ S +…? Where are you from? What is your name? How are you? 3) Yes/No Questions and short answers with the verb have Aux S AV O Yes/No S Aux(+ n't) Have you got a cat? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. 4) Questions with question words and the verb have Question word Aux S AV O ? Where have you got the pen?

  8. Helping verbs in questions-3 5) Questions without question words in the simple present tense Aux S AV O Do you play baseball? Does he smoke? Yes/No S Aux (+ n't) No, I don’t. Yes, he does.

  9. Helping verbs in questions-4 6) Questions with question words in the Simple Present Question word Aux S AV O? When do you go to work? Answer: I go to work at eight o’clock. 7) Questions without question words in the Simple Past Aux S AV O Did you believe him? S Aux AV O No, I didn’t believe him.

  10. Helping verbs in questions-5 NOTE: Be V. S S.C. Adv. (No aux.) Were you in Taipeiyesterday? 8) Questions with question words in the Simple Past Question word Aux S AV Adv. What did you do this morning? NOTE: Question word Be V S Adv. Where were you this morning?

  11. Helping verbs in questions-6 9) Subject question S AV O S Aux Who stole the bike? Mike did. Who runs the store? My father does. 10) Object question O Aux S AV S AV O What did you take? I took a ruler. • What’s the difference? Who called you? Who did you call?

  12. Helping verbs in questions-Exercise 1 • Identify helping verbs and change the following sentences into questions. • Simple Present - He writes letters. • Present Progressive - He is writing letters. • Simple Past - He wrote letters. • Past Progressive - He was writing letters. • Present Perfect - He has written letters. • Present Perfect Progressive - He has been writing letters. • Past Perfect - He had written letters. • will-future - He will write letters. • going to-future - He is going to write letters. • Conditional - He would write letters.

  13. Helping verbs in questions-Exercise 1(answers) He writes letters. • Simple Present – • Present Progressive – • Simple Past – • Past Progressive – • Present Perfect – • Present Perfect Progressive – • Past Perfect – • will-future – • going to-future – • Conditional – Does he write letters? Is he writing letters? Did he write letters? Was he writing letters? Has he written letters? Has he been writing letters? Had he written letters? Will he write letters? Is he going to write letters? Would he write letters?

  14. Helping verbs in questions-Exercise 2 What does the class play? What is John writing? • The class plays football. 1) John is writing a letter. 2) She walks home from school. Who walks home from school? 3) The children are sitting in the garden. Where are the children sitting? 4) Peter runs with his dog on Sundays. When does Peter run with his dog? 5) My rabbit has a cage in the garden. What does your rabbit have in the garden? 6) They go to work by bus. 7) David likes cats because they are nice. Why does David like cats? 8) Jenny isn't sleeping late today. Who isn't sleeping late today? 9) We are going to the cinema. 10) I'm leaving now. How do they go to work? Where are we going? When are you leaving?

  15. Helping verbs: have, has, had (1) • The verb have can be an auxiliary verb or a main verb in English. • Have as a main verb in the Simple Present (have, has, don't have, doesn't have) e.g. I have a new scooter. I don’t have a scooter. e.g. He has a son. He doesn’t have a son. • Have as a main verb in the Simple Past (had, didn't have) e.g. He had a piano. He didn’t have a piano.

  16. Helping verbs: have, has, had (2) • Have as an auxiliary verb in the perfect tenses. e.g. He has found a place to stay. (present perfect) e.g. He had found a place to stay. (past perfect) e.g. He will have found a place to stay. (future perfect) • Have as an auxiliary verb and a main verb in the perfect tenses. e.g. He hashad some ice cream. (present perfect) e.g. He hadhad some ice cream. (past perfect) e.g. He will havehad some ice cream. (future perfect)

  17. Helping verbs: have, has, had (Exercise) • Identify verbs as an auxiliary verb or a main verb. Example: Lena has a new guitar. Answer: main verb 1) This old house has no central heating. 2) Do you have a glass of water? 3) I havehad this computer for three years. 4) She hashad her dog since 2005. 5) Lisa has been singing for 10 minutes now. main verb main verb auxiliary verb main verb main verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb

  18. 6) My parents had fish for dinner. 7) Did you have a shower this morning? 8) Frank had played tennis when he was 12. 9) Look, the bus is coming. We have to hurry. 10) Has Mrs. Jones written the essay? main verb main verb auxiliary verb main verb auxiliary verb

  19. Helping verbs: Be-1 • The Verb- be can be an auxiliary verb or a main verb in English. • be as a main verb in the Simple Present (am, are, is) and in the Simple Past (was, were) e.g. I am from Taiwan. He isn’t from England. e.g. He was asleep. I wasn’t.

  20. Helping verbs: Be-2 • be as an auxiliary verb in the Present Progressive (is, are, am) and Past Progressive (was, were) e.g. I am talking. e.g. He was lying.

  21. Helping verbs: Be-3 • be as an auxiliary verb in the passive: Simple Present (is, are, am): A house is built. Simple Past (was, were): A house was built. Will- future (be): A house will be built. going-to future (be): A house is going to be built.

  22. Helping verbs: Be (Exercise) • Identify Be as an auxiliary verb or a main verb. Example: He is silent. Answer: main verb • He is updating his blog. • He is interesting. • You must be kidding. • His answer is false. • Tom was cheated by his girlfriend. • We were totally mad. • Mary was biting her fingernails. • I will be fine. • How was your father? • What were you doing when the fire occurred? Aux V Main V Aux V Main V Aux V Main V Aux V Main V Main V Aux V

  23. Helping verbs or main verbs: do, does, did • He does his homework carefully. • He does not work out every day. • What did you do last night? Main verb Auxiliary verb Main verb Auxiliary verb

  24. Helping verbs or main verbs: do, does, did (exercise) • What are you doing now? • What have you done to your hair? • He didn’t do the job well. • He did finish his assignment. • We have done all the chores. • I will do it myself. Main verb Main verb Aux verb Main verb Aux verb Main verb Main verb

  25. Modals-1 • Modals are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would and need(need can be a full verb, too). We can play football. We could play football. We may play football. We might play football. We must play football. We mustn't play football. We needn't play football. We ought to play football. We shall play football. We should play football. We will play football. We would play football.

  26. Modals-2 1)Do not use modals for things which happen definitely. The sun rises in the East. 2)They do not have an -s in the 3rd person singular. He can play football. 3)Questions are formed without do/does/did. Can he speak Spanish? 4)It follows a full verb in the infinitive. They must read the book. 5)There are no past forms (except could and would). He was allowed to watch the film. 6)When you use the past participle, you tell about things which did not happen in the past. You should have told me.

  27. Modal: Exercise 1 Use the words in parentheses to complete sentences. 1) Last week we _______swimming, this week we can't. (can/to go) 2) Maybe the Smiths _______a new house next year. (be able/to build) 3) If you try hard, you_______ your examinations. (can/to pass) 4) When I was five, I_______ . (not/can/to swim) 5) Dennis _______the trumpet after four months. (can/to play) 6) Luke has passed his driving test, now he _______a car. (can/to drive) 7) For three weeks I _______to him on the phone. (not/can/to speak) 8) Alex _______his homework when his desk is in such a mess. (not/be able/to do) 9) They were so busy, they _______me a text message. (not/can/to write) 10) Lisa _______her dress. She can wear it again. (can/to clean)

  28. Modal: Exercise 1 (answers) 1) Last week we _______ swimming, but this week we can't. 2) Maybe the Smiths _______________ a new house next year. 3) If you try hard, you _______ your examinations. 4) When I was five, I ____________. 5) Dennis ________ the trumpet after four months. could go will be able to build canpass could not swim could play

  29. can drive 6) Luke has passed his driving test, now he _______ a car. 7) For three weeks I _____________ to him on the phone. 8) Alex _________________ his homework when his desk is in such a mess. 9) They were so busy, they ____________ me a text message. 10) Lisa has been able to clean her dress. She ________ it again. could not speak will not be able to do could not write can wear

  30. Modals- Exercise 2 Shall 1. You seem to be having trouble there. _________ I help you? (Would/Will/Shall) 2. I don't have enough money to buy lunch. __________ you lend me a couple of dollars? (May/Could/Shall) 3. That ice is dangerously thin now. You ________ go ice-skating today. (mustn't/might not/would mind not to) 4. It's way past my bedtime and I'm really tired. I ________ go to bed. (should/ought/could) 5. He ______________ have committed this crime. He wasn't even in the city that night.(might/shouldn't/couldn't) Could mustn’t should couldn't

  31. Modal-Exercise 2 must have 6. John is over two hours late already, He ___________ missed the bus again. (should have/must have/will have) 7. I'm really quite lost. _______________ showing me how to get out of here? (Would you mind/Would you be/Must you be) 8. That bus is usually on time. It _________ to be here any time now. (might/has/ought) 9. I read about your plane's near disaster. You ____________ terrified! (might have been/must have been/shall have been) 10. It's the law. They ____________ have a blood test before they get married. (might/could/have to) 11. Professor Villa, we've finished our work for today. _________ we leave now, please? (May/Can/Must) Would you mind ought must have been have to May

  32. Supplementary materials of Parts of Speech • Three little words you often seeAre ARTICLES: a, an, and the.A NOUN's the name of anything,As: school or garden, toy, or swing.ADJECTIVES tell the kind of noun,As: great, small, pretty, white, or brown.VERBS tell of something being done: To read, write, count, sing, jump, or run.How things are done the ADVERBS tell, As: slowly, quickly, badly, well.

  33. CONJUNCTIONS join the words together,As: men and women, wind or weather.The PREPOSITION stands beforeA noun as: in or through a door.The INTERJECTION shows surpriseAs: Oh, how pretty! Ah! how wise!The whole are called the PARTS of SPEECH,Which reading, writing, speaking teach.

  34. 兼用助動詞︰am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, need, dare, used專用助動詞（亦稱“情態助動詞”）︰shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought, had better Supplementary materials : Definition of Auxiliary Verbs:the word help the main verb making a tense

  35. 1.兼用助動詞︰既可當助動詞又可當主動詞的動詞1.兼用助動詞︰既可當助動詞又可當主動詞的動詞 • am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, need, dare, used

  36. 2.專用助動詞︰只可作助動詞不可當主動詞的動詞2.專用助動詞︰只可作助動詞不可當主動詞的動詞 shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought, had better • You should study hard. • He can run very fast. • Mary may not come tomorrow.

  37. 3. 助動詞的特點︰ (1) “專用助動詞”無人稱與數的變化 • I (He, Lisa, We, They) must study hard. • You can run fast, and he can too. (2) “專用助動詞” 中僅ought後接to V，其 餘皆直 接加動詞原形 • You ought to be very careful. • He will buy a gift for you.

  38. (3)“兼用助動詞”之後有的有to，有的則無 • I don’t know him. • I have to leave for Taipei now. (4) need（必需/需要）/ dare（敢）在否定句及疑問句中要加省略to的不定詞 • I daren’t go out alone at night. • Need I get up at five a.m. tomorrow?

  39. 過去式的助動詞未必指過去的事，可能是指現在或未來，除非上下文有明顯的過去時間或談到過去的事過去式的助動詞未必指過去的事，可能是指現在或未來，除非上下文有明顯的過去時間或談到過去的事 • Could you lend me a pen? 《註》請問或拜託時，用could比較正式； 也可用can，但多用於熟人的情況，would情況亦類似

  40. You should take care of your dog carefully. 《註》 should除作shall的過去式外，在表示主詞的責任或義務“應該” 時要用should而非shall

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