Lab Equipment and Safety Procedures

1. Lab Equipment and Safety Procedures Yes, you should take notes!

2. Beaker • Used to measure approximate liquid volumes • Beakers are the most versatile glassware in the lab and can be used for just about anything. The volume graduations on beakers should be used only for "ballpark" estimates. • A cylinder container used to hold liquids

3. Clamp • Used to close hoses by pinching them together • Used during filtrations • Clamps rubber tubing to stop the flow of liquid

4. Wire Gauze • Used as a support for beakers when placed across a support ring • Allows for more even and gradual heating of glassware

5. Test Tube • Measures small amounts of liquids • Come in different lengths and widths to serve various needs. They are typically used by chemists to hold different materials, usually liquids, during chemical experiments

6. Test Tube Holder • Used to hold test tubes for short periods of "gentle" heating • Use a test tubeholder to grasphot test tubes

7. Tongs • These tongs are used for picking up crucibles and crucible covers • Used to carry an evaporating dish • May also beused to hold a piece of Mg when igniting it

8. Bunsen Burner • Before lighting, check to be sure barrel is turned so no oxygen is getting to flame • Rubber tubing attaches to gas valve • Adjust flame height after lit • Gas valve perpendicular=OFF • Gas valve parallel=ON • Tie back hair and loose clothing • TURN OFF WHEN NOT BEING USED • Used for heating, sterilization, and combustion

9. Striker/Sparker • Used to light a bunsen burner • Not a toy noisemaker or “sparkler” during lab

10. Hot Plate • Plug into electrical outlet • TURN OFF AND UNPLUG WHEN NOT IN USE • Increase hotplate temperature slowly so glass does not burst • Used to heat liquids in glass beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, and metal pans

11. Ring Stand • The base supporting the iron ring

12. Test Tube Rack • Device to hold test tubes in place while you can't hold them • Divots for holding test tubes in upright position • Pegs for drying of test tubes in upside down position

13. Beaker Tongs • Large, curved tongs • Special tongs used for handling hot glassware • Knowthe properway touse beakertongs

14. Stirring Rod • Glass – used for stirring in beakers and flasks • Used to aide in dissolving a solute in a solvent, mixing • Be sure to wash before using to mix different mixtures – you could cause contamination

15. Wash Bottle • Used for rinsing solids out of a container when filtering • Filled with distilled water • Plastic, with plastic straw • Squeeze gently to rinse glassware

16. Evaporating Dish • This dish is used to recover dissolved solids by evaporation. While it can be heated, it should not be used for "strong" heating. • Heat gently to avoid spattering

17. Dropper • Can be glass with rubber bulb on end or plastic (disposable) • Squeeze air out of bulb • Place end in liquid and release rubber bulb to fill dropper with liquid • To dispense, squeeze bulb gently • RINSE THOROUGHLY BETWEEN THE TRANSFER OF DIFFERING CHEMICALS TO ELIMINATE CONTAMINATION

18. Funnel • When lined with filter paper, used to filter suspended solids from a liquid. • Used for filtration • Filter paper- fold in half, fold in half again, open b/w 1 and 3, place in filter • Slightly dampen filter with solvent to hold in place • tube with a conical opening that is used to pour liquid through a smaller opening

19. Filtration Setup

20. Scoopula (Yes, this is a real scientific term!) • Used to transfer solids from their original container to a scale for weighing • A utensil used primarily in chemistry labs to transfer solids: to a weigh paper for weighing, to a cover slip to measure melting point, or to a watch glass from a flask or beaker through scraping

21. Iron Ring • When attached to the ring stand, this iron ring is used to support glassware above the lab table • Supports beakers on the ring stand so that they may be heated

22. Erlenmeyer Flask • Is a widely used type of laboratory flask which has a conical base with a cylindrical neck • It is used to contain reaction solutions. • Used in filtrations and distillations

23. Rubber Stopper • Holds thermometer in place while measuring temperature • Used to seal glassware to prevent contaminants from entering

24. Graduated Cylinder • Water is polar, glass is polar. The water “sticks” to the glass and causes the liquid being measured to look like a ‘u’ (meniscus) • Read from bottom of MENISCUS • A tall glass cylinder with a range of calibrated markings that is used for visually MEASURING THE VOLUMES OF LIQUIDS • PLASTIC COLLAR USED TO READ MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID • Used to make accurate measurements of liquid volumes. The bumper ring on larger cylinders is to prevent breakage if tipped over. Keep it near the top.

25. Well Plate • Plastic, several wells • Used for microchemistry • Use droppers to transfer liquids

26. Timer • Keep track of how long it takes a reaction to take place • Measure in seconds

27. Thermometer • Measures temperature, glass tube with alcohol or mercury • CBL, electrical temperature gauge. Place gauge in liquid and get a digital readout. • CBL will not break as easily

28. Hot Glove • Move hot items • Big, orange

29. Safety Glasses • Must be on at ALL times during a lab - not just when your teacher patiently reminds you  • Found in drawers at lab stations

30. Triple Beam Balance • Measures mass – amount of matter in an object • Matter – takes up space • Be sure all weights are pushed completely to the left • Start with highest weight and work your way down • You want the beam to balance in the middle of the arm • Weighing paper – zero with paper on plate, measure from there (begin with too little, easier to add more)

31. Watch Glass • A circular, slightly concave piece of glass used in chemistry as a surface to evaporate a liquid, or as a cover for a beaker

32. Cleaning Brushes • Used to clean glassware • Do NOT poke the wire brush into bottom of glassware – it will break

33. Ceramic Triangle • Place on iron ring to hold funnel • Used for heating or cooling evaporating dish • Used to hold a crucible while the crucible is heated

34. Proper Setup for the Heating of a Crucible

35. A Few extra reminders… • Kill jar – labeled container for disposing of chemicals that cannot be rinsed down the sink • If you have extra reagent, do NOT return to container. This will cause CONTAMINATION of the entire container. Dispose of it properly. • If glassware is broken at your lab station, please CALL YOUR TEACHER. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CLEAN IT UP YOURSELF!

36. Safety ProceduresPlease COPY and KNOW these!! • Wear safety glasses at all times in the laboratory. • Wear sensible clothing. • Do not perform any unauthorized experiments. • Know exactly what you are supposed to be doing in a laboratory experiment. • Do not eat or drink in the laboratory. • Keep the laboratory clean at all times. • Dispose of waste and excess materials in the proper manner. • Light bunsen burners only when needed. • Avoid touching hot objects. • Report all accidents to your instructor promptly!