16 June 2008 INCOSE 08, Utrecht, The Netherlands anne.bruseberg@sea.co.uk

1. Applying the Human Views for MODAF to the conception of energy-saving work solutionsDr Anne BrusebergSystems Engineering & Assessment Ltd, UKon behalf of the Human Factors Integration Defence Technology Centre (HFI DTC) 16 June 2008INCOSE 08, Utrecht, The Netherlands anne.bruseberg@sea.co.uk

2. Objectives • What is tele-working? • People are allowed / encouraged to work from home for large parts of their working time • Why? … It reduces: • Costs for office-based facilities • Time and effort needed for travelling to offices • Greenhouse gases • Use of fossil fuels • Effects • Human-related concerns play an important role • Creates distributed working practices • Need for technologies – to enable: • Remote communication • Information sharing for collaboration and cooperation activities. • Need for organisational and procedural implementation

3. What is HFI?

4. Human Factors Engineering Manpower Personnel HFI Training Health Hazards System Safety Organisational & Social HFI domains

5. HFI Functions

6. HFI Objectives

7. HFI Objectives

8. HFI Design Decision Areas

9. MODAF Overview

10. What is MODAF? • MoD Architectural Framework • Based on DoDAF • Conceive complex systems • Achieve Interoperability • Support requirements specifications • Model current and future systems (static) • Separation of component concerns • Several levels of abstraction

11. MODAF layers

12. Architecture characteristics • Generic: Conceptual Data Model / Meta Model • Instantiation: Logical and Physical Data Model • View: window/snapshot onto model • Architectural products • Viewpoints

13. MODAF v. 1.1 (6 Viewpoints, 38 Views)

14. MODAF SV-1 (v 1.1)

15. MODAF Human Views – overview

16. What are Human Views (HVs)? • Objectives • Express (high-level) HFI/HSI concerns in a Systems Engineering language • Capture human-related components of Enterprise models • Helps HFI/HSI to relate to SE concepts/methods • Ensures common modelling approach • HFI design decision areas that can generally be perceived as formal definitions. • Not: • the ‘soft’ issues that may be observed • Informal dependencies and behaviours (they are constraints and results) • Methods • Functional definitions • extending traditional meaning of ‘functional’ to HFI design areas

17. The Human Views

18. HVs and MODAF

19. Outlook • Issue 1 of HV Handbook • Applications • Guidance • Process • Methods • Harmonisation with NATO HVs • Further alignment with MODAF developments • Issue 2 of HV Handbook (release early 2009)

20. MODAF Human Views – details & examples

21. StV-6 for tele-working Requirements: Operational Activity to Capability Mapping

22. HV-E: Human Functions and Tasks

23. Tele-working concerns: HV-E Human Functions and Tasks • OV-5: Relevant types of work • Research; Design; Consultancy; Business Management (i.e. activities of ‘Knowledge Workers’) • HV-E: describes human activities • for research: • Project planning, information gathering, document writing • the practice of tele-working itself may introduce new tasks, e.g. • Work monitoring – through more extensive project planning • fosters sense of accountability • AoF: Options for tool support: • Automated time and activity logging – to support monitoring • OR: remote workers may be trusted and organisational mechanisms used

24. HV-F: Roles and Competencies

25. Tele-working roles/tasks/skills

26. Interactions affected by tele-working

27. HV-C: Human Interaction Structure

28. Tele-working (as-is situation)

29. Tele-working (as-is situation)

30. Tele-working (as-is situation)

31. Tele-working (as-is situation)

32. HV-C elements for tele-working Requirements focus

33. Tele-working concerns: HV-C Human Interaction Structure • New travelling and office attendance patterns • Distributed working environment with • remote communication • data sharing • Equip employees with the necessary tools, e.g. • light laptop, mobile phone, remote email access • home-based infrastructures (e.g. networking facilities, furniture). • Central office spaces receive different functions, e.g. • hot desks combined with mobile document lockers • many meeting rooms, teleconferencing facilities • catering shared with other companies • separate wireless networks outside secure company network

34. HV-B: Quality Objectives and Metrics

35. HV-B: Tele-working example

36. The complete HV meta-model

37. Experiences • Comprehensive framework – capturing breadth of HF concerns • Clarified effects of change on other design aspects • Scrutiny – clarified open questions and raised issues • Graphical versions – facilitate communication between experts • ‘To-Be’ models need to be grounded in ‘As-Is’ models • Representation options need further development

38. Benefits of using HVs • HVs model the human side of transformations needed for energy-saving work solutions, including: • HV-A: Who could be made available for tele-working? • HV-B: How may human-related benefits be expressed and measured? • HV-C: What are the human interaction structures to be supported by technology solutions? • HV-D: What are the required changes to formal organisational structures? • HV-E: Which human activities are to be supported by technology functions, and how should human and systems complement each other? • HV-F: Which human roles and skills need to be supported? • HV-G: What are the time structures, conditions, and scenarios to be supported for different configurations? • HVs enable an overarching approach to manage change by embedding HVs in an existing Architectural Framework