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New World Experiments: England’s 17 th Century Colonies

New World Experiments: England’s 17 th Century Colonies. Oseas Romero AP US History Stafford High School. Breaking Away . Rapid social change in 17 th century England English population is mobile Different motives for immigration Religious versus economic

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New World Experiments: England’s 17 th Century Colonies

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  1. New World Experiments: England’s 17th Century Colonies Oseas Romero AP US History Stafford High School

  2. Breaking Away • Rapid social change in 17th century England • English population is mobile • Different motives for immigration • Religious versus economic • Personal: escaping bad marriages, jail sentences, or poverty • Enclosure movement created a large groups of vagrants

  3. English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution • English Civil War, 1640—1649 • Stuart Monarchy vs. Parliament • Charles I beheaded • Oliver Cromwell made Lord Protector • Stuarts restored with Charles II, 1660 • Glorious Revolution, 1688 • William and Mary Replace James II • Established that monarchs must rule alongside Parliament

  4. Stuart Monarchs

  5. Four Colonial Subcultures • Chesapeake • New England • Middle Colonies • Carolinas • These four colonial subcultures will go on to be divided into three • New England • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

  6. Chesapeake • Richard Hakluyt • Colonies make great profit for investors • Free England from dependence on rival power for valuable commodities • Anti-Catholicism prompted English people to challenge Spain’s dominance in New World

  7. Chesapeake Colonies , 1640

  8. Virginia • Joint-stock companies provided financing • English stockholders in Virginia Company expected instant profits • This did not happen • Jamestown settled in 1607 • Complete disaster, built near swamp • Director competition from the expansive Powhattantribe • Colonist did not work for the common good

  9. Everything Out of Control • 1608-1609—John Smith arrives and imposes order • Harsh, but keeps the survivors alive • 1609—London Company reorganizes colonial government • 1610—”Starving Time” ended by arrival of Lord De La Warr, fresh settlers, and martial law

  10. Stinking Weed • 1610—John Rolfe introduced tobacco • Marries Pocahontas, changes her name to Rachel and dies shortly after giving birth to a son • 1618—Reforms of Edwin Sandys • House of Burgesses instituted for Virginia self-government • Head right: 50-acre lot granted to each colonist who paid his own transportation, or for each servant brought into the colony • Allowed development of huge estates

  11. Where are the Ladies? • Population increase prevented by imbalanced sex ratio • 3,570 colonists to Virginia, 1619–1622 • Men outnumbered women 6:1 after 1619 • Creates a vagabond culture in the colonies • Men are willing to pick up everything and move on every couple of years • Contagious disease killed settlers • 1618: Virginia population numbered 700 • 1618–1622: 3,000 immigrated • 1622: Virginia population numbered 1,240 • Indentured servants denied promised land • 1622—Powhattan attack killed 347 settlers

  12. Corruption and Reform • Problems of colony blamed on greed and mismanagement of London Company • 1624—King James I dissolved London Company • Virginia became a royal colony • House of Burgesses continued to meet • Burgesses created County Courts

  13. Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics • Initiated by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) as refuge for English Catholics • 1632—Calvert’s son Cecilius (second Lord Baltimore) gained charter to Maryland • Required toleration among Catholics and Protestants • Wealthy Catholics unwilling to relocate in America • Common settlers demanded greater voice in Maryland government • Protestants refused to tolerate Catholics and seized control in 1655 • Scattered riverfront settlements of poor tobacco planters

  14. New England • 1630-1640—16,000 immigrated • Settlers usually came as family units • Area would be settled generally health • Puritans’ view of their colony • A City on a Hill” • Success as part of covenant with God • “Beacon of righteousness” to the world • Church attendance required, but membership not automatic • Public confession and execution of criminals • Government by elected representatives responsible to God • All adult male church members could vote • Ministers had nor formal role and were not allowed to hold office • Town was center of Puritan Life

  15. Limits of Religious Dissent • Laws and Liberties, 1648 • Codified rights and responsibilities of all citizens • Engendered public trust in government • Kept magistrates from arbitrary rule • Puritans did not tolerate religious dissent • Roger Williams would object • Questioned validity of colony’s charter • Advocated toleration of religious beliefs • Expelled to Rhode Island in 1636

  16. Limits of Religious Dissent • Anne Hutchinson • Claimed that divine intervention came through the Holy Spirit and not through good works • Implied that the Puritan ministers of the colonies were no better than the Church of England • Questioned the views and leadership of the established Church • Contradicted the expressed views of male clergymen • Women were not allowed to challenge the decisions of males during this time • Banished to Rhode Island in 1637

  17. New World Colonies: The Ultimate Experiment • COLONIAL STOCK PROSPECTUS – 2014 • Project will be explained September 5th, 2014

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