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Poetry Vocabulary. Poetry Vocabulary. Poetry is literature that uses a few words to tell about ideas, feelings and paints a picture in the readers mind. Most poems were written to be read aloud. Poems may or may not rhyme. Form. The form of a poem is the way that it looks on the page.
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Poetry Vocabulary • Poetry is literature that uses a few words to tell about ideas, feelings and paints a picture in the readers mind. • Most poems were written to be read aloud. • Poems may or may not rhyme. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Form • The form of a poem is the way that it looks on the page. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
What a poem looks like: Bad Hair Day I looked in the mirror with shock and with dread to discover two antlers had sprung from my head. line Stanza Rhyming words Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Lines • The way that poets arrange words into lines. • The lines may or may not be sentences. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Stanzas • Groups of lines in traditional poetry. What Bugs Me When my teacher tells me to write a poem.When my mother tells me to clean up my room.When my sister practices her violin while I’m watching TV.When my father tells me to turn off the TV and do my homework.When my brother picks a fight with me and I have to go to bed early.When my teacher asks me to get up in front of the class and read the poem I wrote on the school bus. Stanza Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Free Verse • Poems that do not usually rhyme and have no fixed rhythm or pattern. They are written like a conversation. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Sound Devices • Elements of poetry that use one type of sound related characteristic. • Rhythm • Meter • Rhyme • Onomatopoeia • And more ... Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Rhythm • The beat of the poem. • These are made up patterns of strong and weak syllables. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Meter • A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. • Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. • When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Rhyme • Sounds that are alike at the end of words, such as snow and crow. • There are several types of rhyme such as end rhyme like run and fun, internal rhyme as in: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. • and near rhyme -- words that do not exactly rhyme such as rose and lose. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Sample Rhyme scheme • The Germ • Ogden Nash • A mighty creature is the germ, • Though smaller than the pachyderm. • His customary dwelling place • Is deep within the human race. • His childish pride he often pleases • By giving people strange diseases. • Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? • You probably contain a germ. A A B B C C A A Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Alliteration • Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words • If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick? Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Onomatopoeia • Words that imitate the sound they are naming: • BUZZ • OR sounds that imitate another sound “The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain . . .” Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Repetition • The repeating of sounds, words, phrases, or lines in a poem. I like popcorn! I like candy! I like chips! I like ice cream! I need to brush my teeth! Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Figurative language Imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Tone Assonance Symbolism Idiom Hyperbole Figurative Language and Other Poetic Devices Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Figurative Language • Words and phrases that help the reader picture things in a new way. Example: She heard music when he kissed her. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Imagery • Words or phrases that appeal to the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. • Imagery is what helps you paint a picture or imagine what is happening or what the poet is feeling. Example: The hamburgers sizzled on the grill … Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Simile • A comparison of two things using the words like or as. e.g. Her smile was bright like the sun! The peach was as delicious as a kiss. My dog is as mean as a snake. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Metaphor • A comparison of two things WITHOUT using “as or like”. e.g. His face is a puzzle to me, I can never figure out what he is thinking. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Personification • Giving an animal or an object human qualities. e.g. • My dog smiles at me. • The house glowed with happiness. • The car was irritated when she pumped it full of cheap gas. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Tone • The writer's attitude toward his readers and his subject; his mood or moral view. • A writer can be formal, informal, playful, ironic, and especially, optimistic or pessimistic. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Assonance • Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. Examples of ASSONANCE: “Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.” -- John Masefield “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.” -- William Shakespeare Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Symbolism • When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else, usually something bigger and more important. = Innocence = America =Peace Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Idiom • An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says. • Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs. Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Hyperbole • Obvious and intentional exaggeration. e.g. • There are a million people in here! • I could sleep for a year! • I have a ton of homework tonight! Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
No Where Near the End! • There is so much more to poetry ... we have only scratched the surface ... • Refer to Jack Lynch: Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms Lecture 9, American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
