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Ch 12 Section 4

Ch 12 Section 4. Ethnic conflicts in S. Asia & International/global Geopolitics. Kashmir…. Located on the Northern border between India & Pakistan, control of this region has been in dispute since S. Asia’s independence. Population is predominantly Muslim.

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Ch 12 Section 4

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  1. Ch 12 Section 4 Ethnic conflicts in S. Asia & International/global Geopolitics

  2. Kashmir… • Located on the Northern border between India & Pakistan, control of this region has been in dispute since S. Asia’s independence. • Population is predominantly Muslim. • Under British rule, it was ruled by a Hindu maharaja (king) so at partition, it went to India. • Pakistan seized control of parts of Kashmir, but neither side will recognize the other’s position. • Today, some Kashmiris want to join Pakistan, some want to join India and some want independence from both. Fear of war has caused a Kashmiri diaspora.

  3. Religion in the Punjab… • Just north of Delhi, India this region was originally intermixed with Hindus, Muslims & Sikhs. • After partition, Muslims fled to Pakistan & remaining Hindus & Sikhs divided into sep. states (Hindus – Haryana; Sikhs – Punjab); • India’s gov. refuses to recognize Sikhism as sep. religion. • Sikhs have strong military tradition & were willing & ready to fight for change. Sikh bodyguards were responsible for assassination of Indira Gandhi & hostility heightened in the region.

  4. Ethnic conflict in Northeast Fringe… • India’s extreme northeast has attracted many refugees from Bangladesh. Hindus in the region see this as a threat to their culture & religion. • Due to remoteness of this area, India’s gov. does not police the hostilities in the region well & it is considered a dangerous & unstable part of the nation.

  5. Difficulties in Sri Lanka… • Conflict stems from religious (Hindus & Buddhists) and linguistic (Tamil & Singhalese) differences; • Singhalese Buddhists make up 74% of the population; • Hindu Tamils dominate North & East coast; • Differences center on what is the best form of gov’t for Sri Lanka. Fighting broke out in 1983 but relations improved following the 2005 Indian Ocean tsunami.

  6. S. Asia’s role in global politics… • Cold war between India & Pakistan: issues include control of Kashmir; relations with China; development of nuclear arsenals; • India & Pakistan’s role in “war on terrorism”- historically Pakistan had supported the the Afghani Taliban regime while India supported the US & the West; after 9-11-2001 the US essentially forced Pakistan to assist us against the Taliban for debt reduction & other aid. Pakistani President Musharraf agreed taking a major political risk. There is currently a growing anti-American sentiment in Pakistan due to Islamic fundamentalism. • Tension between India & Pakistan (text p. 537); • India’s ambition to become the dominant power in South Asia.

  7. India-Pakistan relations • http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/post-cold-war/india-pakistan/index.htm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qc25dtpurys

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