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The Human Body:

The Human Body:. An Orientation Part 1. Review. What is Anatomy? Give an example of Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System What is Physiology? Give an example of Physiology of the Digestive System. Overview. Levels of Structural Organization Maintaining Life Homeostasis.

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The Human Body:

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  1. The Human Body: An Orientation Part 1

  2. Review • What is Anatomy? • Give an example of Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System • What is Physiology? • Give an example of Physiology of the Digestive System

  3. Overview • Levels of Structural Organization • Maintaining Life • Homeostasis

  4. Levels of Structural Organization • What is the smallest thing known to Humankind? • What are ALL THINGS (living and non-living) made of?

  5. From Atoms to Organisms • 1) Atoms • Tiny building blocks of matter • 2) Cells • The smallest unit of living things • 3) Tissues • A group of similar cells that have a common function

  6. From Atoms to Organisms • 4) Organ • Made of two or more tissues and performs a specific function for the body • 5) Organ System • A group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose • 6) Organism • A group of organ systems that make up the highest level of living structural organization

  7. The Human Organism • Can you name all 11 organ systems that make up the human organism?

  8. Body Systems • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Nervous System • Endocrine System • Cardiovascular System • Lymphatic System • Respiratory System • Digestive System • Urinary System • Reproductive System

  9. Maintaining Life • 1) Maintaining Boundaries • Organisms must keep their “insides” separate from the “outside” • Which Human Body System maintains this essential boundary? • Why is maintaining a boundary important?

  10. Maintaining Life • 2) Movement • Necessary for motility and to perform bodily functions such as digestion and pumping blood. • Which Human Body System is responsible for movement? • Why is motility important?

  11. Maintaining Life • 3) Responsiveness • The ability to sense changes in the environment and react to them • What TWO Human Body Systems are responsible for responsiveness? • Why is responsiveness important?

  12. Maintaining Life • 4) Digestion • The process of breaking down food into molecules that can be used by the body • 5) Metabolism • All chemical reactions that occur in the body • 6) Excretion • The process of removing wastes from the body

  13. Maintaining Life • Why is it important to be able to break down food through digestion? • Why do you think chemical reactions are necessary in the body? • Why is it important to be able to excrete waste from the body?

  14. Maintaining Life • 7) Reproduction • The production of offspring • Why is reproduction an important function of the body?

  15. Maintaining Life • 8) Growth • An increase in size • Why is growth an important aspect of living things?

  16. Maintaining Life • Survival Needs • Nutrients • Oxygen • Water • Body Temperature • Atmospheric Pressure

  17. Homeostasis • What do you think Homeostasis means?

  18. Homeostasis • Homeostasis • The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite ever-changing external conditions • In your notes, write a definition with an example in your own words.

  19. Homeostasis • How do we control Homeostasis? • Negative Feedback Loops (Feedback Inhibition) • A system in which the effect of a stimulus turns off or reduces the original stimulus • Lets look at an example

  20. Feedback Inhibition Loop:A home heater Thermostat senses temp. increase and switches heater off Room Temp. Increases Room Temp. Decreases Thermostat senses temperature decrease and switches heater on

  21. How is the house heater like the Human Body? • What happens to you when you get very cold?

  22. Feedback Inhibition Loop:Your Body - too COLD Your body stops shivering (Thermostat OFF) BODY Temp. Increases to normal BODY Temp. Decreases too much Your body shivers and shakes to warm you (thermostat ON)

  23. What about when you get too hot? What happens?

  24. Feedback Inhibition Loop:Your Body - too HOT Your body produces sweat to cool you. BODY Temp. Increases too much BODY Temp. Decreases to normal Your body stops producing sweat

  25. Feedback Inhibition • Feedback inhibition is a process utilized by many body systems in order to maintain homeostasis.

  26. Homeostasis • Write in your notes an example that will help you remember what Negative Feedback is. • What happens when our bodies are unable to maintain homeostasis? (Homeostatic Imbalance)

  27. Quick Quiz • Name the 6 levels of living structural organization. • Name one of the requirements for maintaining life, and say why it is important. • Give a definition for Homeostasis IN YOUR OWN WORDS • Give an example of a Negative Feedback Loop

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