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Life in the Growing cities

Life in the Growing cities. Mr. Julian’s 5 th Grade Class. Essential Question. How did people living in cities in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s change as population grew?. Places. New York, New York Chicago, Illinois Philadelphia, Pennsylvania St. Louis, Missouri Boston, Massachusetts.

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Life in the Growing cities

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  1. Life in the Growing cities Mr. Julian’s 5th Grade Class

  2. Essential Question • How did people living in cities in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s change as population grew?

  3. Places • New York, New York • Chicago, Illinois • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • St. Louis, Missouri • Boston, Massachusetts

  4. People • Jane Adams • Jacob Riis • “Boss” William M. Tweed • Elisha Graves Otis • James Buchanan Eads • John Roebling

  5. Vocabulary • Urbanization • Tenement • Settlement house • Political machine • Suspension bridge

  6. Growing Cities • Cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia grew quickly because they were located near good transportation. • Access to trains and water contributes to growth of many other cities as well. • Railroads helped Atlanta grow as well.

  7. Immigration and Urbanization • Industrialization created millions of new jobs. • Many of these jobs were filled by immigrants. • Not all of the people moving to the cities were immigrants, many moved from rural areas. • This was a time of urbanization, or the movement of people to cities.

  8. Immigration and Urbanization • With new machines making farm work easer, fewer people were needed on the farms. • With so many people moving to the cities, there was a shortage of housing. • New arrivals were crowded into tenements, or buildings that are divided into small apartments.

  9. Immigration and Urbanization • Buildings were built on any open area. • “City Beautiful” thinking began in the 1890’s. • People began making city parks and playgrounds for people living in the city. • Transportation both solved and created problems.

  10. Urban Woes • In 1880 a report in the Chicago Times reported “The river stinks. The air stinks. People’s clothing…stinks.” • Many people had jobs, they made more money than they thought possible, but they also faced many problems. • Overcrowding was the biggest problem.

  11. Urban Woes • Other than being crowded, may tenements were unsafe. • Some people had no heat, others had no windows. • People living close together made spreading disease easy. • Milk spoiled in the summer resulting in many children’s deaths.

  12. Urban Woes • Cities became dirtier as factories spilled pollution into the rivers and the air. • Traffic increased on the roads. • There was more garbage dumped in the streets and rivers.

  13. Seeking Solutions • Many organizations, like the YMCA and the YMHA tried to help with these problems in the cities. • In 1889 Jane Addams a settlement house, or a center that provides help for those with little money.

  14. Seeking Solutions • A man named Jacob Riis was an immigrant from Denmark. • In 1890, he wrote a book called How the Other Half Lived • His book described the awful conditions people living in cities faced.

  15. Rise of Political Machines • People looked to the government to help with the problems in the cities. • Political machines, or organizations to gain political power. • Here is how it works: • Members would get people elected • The elected people in turn would give favors to the people that helped them.

  16. Rise of Political Machines • They promised to help and many did, but most often they abused their power. • One such persons was “Boss” William M. Tweed. • He was known for cheating people out of their money. • Political machines were found all over the country.

  17. Up, Over, and Under • Cities can expand by either moving outward or upward. • In 1852 inventor Elisha Graves Otis created the first elevator in New York City. • The Great Chicago fire destroyed all of Chicago's downtown. • So Chicago was the perfect place to build the first skyscraper in 1885.

  18. Up, Over, and Under • The first skyscraper was 10 stories tall. • Steel helped created stronger bridges and the first steel bridge was built in St. Louis by James Buchanan Eads. • The world’s first suspension bridge was built in Cincinnati, Ohio.

  19. Up, Over, and Under • A suspension bridge is one that is suspended from steel cables. • John Roebling was hired in New York city to build a suspension bridge that crossed the East River. • The Brooklyn bridge was the longest bridge in the world when it opened in 1883.

  20. Timeline • 1885 – The first skyscraper • 1889 – Jane Addams opened Hull House for the poor. • 1900 – New York City’s population neared 3.5 million

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