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FRENCH PM WORK IN PROGRESS

FRENCH PM WORK IN PROGRESS. Jean-Pierre Fontelle. With the contribution of:. Sonia Babu, Jean-Pierre Chang, Carole Levy, Bénédicte Oudart, Emanuel Rivière. PM INVENTORY. Previous inventory : (before mid 90s) TSP only. Limited number of sources.

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FRENCH PM WORK IN PROGRESS

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  1. FRENCH PM WORK IN PROGRESS Jean-Pierre Fontelle With the contribution of: Sonia Babu, Jean-Pierre Chang, Carole Levy, Bénédicte Oudart, Emanuel Rivière

  2. PM INVENTORY • Previous inventory : (before mid 90s) • TSP only • Limited number of sources • New inventory : (supported by the French Ministry of Environment ) • Geographical area : France • TSP, PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 (primary sources) • Annual time series from 1990 to 1998 • 200 types of sources : all defined in SNAP 97+ additional sources

  3. road transport : • exhaust, brake, tyre and clutch wear. SECTORS CONSIDERED Mobile sources : • other mobile sources : • air traffic, railways, inland waterways, sea transport, machinery, household and gardening. Stationary sources : • Combustion – industrial and non industrial • Agriculture • Nature • Waste incineration

  4. COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES Goal : to complete and to validate the French PM inventory Observations : high discrepancies in • source coverage • methodologies • emission factors • emissions by sectors • total emissions

  5. SECTORS CONSIDERED • Industrial processes : • iron and steel industries, • cement, lime, plaster, glass production, • road paving, • bricks and tiles, fine ceramic materials, • non-ferrous metal industries, aluminium, lead and zinc, • adipic acid, chipboard, • sugar and flour production, • storage and transport of cereals, etc...

  6. RESULTS IN BRIEF

  7. TEACHINGS • Problem in defining the inventory fields (eg : resuspension ?) • Not complete (missing sources) • Lack of knowledge (missing and obsolete data) • Data from foreign studies possibly misused • Large discrepancies between various sources of information • Extremely high uncertainty

  8. Comparison between TNO (edit.1997), IIASA (edit.2000) results and other national inventories COMPARISON OF INVENTORIES * related to a limited number of sources (35% of sources considered for TSP)

  9. EF TSP (g/GJ) Heavy fuel oil Wood CITEPA 3515 OFEFP / BUWAL 2380 EF wood (g/GJ) TSP PM10 CITEPA 500175 OFEFP / BUWAL 150 ITALY 1560 IIASA 150 EPA 870 SOME EXAMPLES • Combust. in manufac. industry : combustion plants > 50MW • Combustion in households :

  10. EF TSP (g/GJ) Coal CITEPA 100 OFEFP / BUWAL 50 EF (kg/t) TSP PM10 CITEPA 95 OFEFP / BUWAL 2 ITALY 1 IIASA (uncontrolled) 25 TNO (Eastern Europe) 7 TNO (Western Europe) 3 SOME EXAMPLES • District heating plants : combustion plants < 50MW • Aluminium production (electrolysis) :

  11. Road transport : gasoline diesel oil EF mg/km PC LD Moto. HD CITEPA highway 11 13 7 525 TSP rural 12 14 6 634 urban 21 20 7 1141 Total 6 650 IIASA 4-stroke 55 970 PM10 2-stroke 610 SOME EXAMPLES

  12. NB : 1990 TSP mass emissions are indicated in ( ) % refer to TSP EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENCES IN SOURCE COVERAGE

  13. NEED FOR ADDITIONAL SOURCES • Sugar production • Charcoal manufacture • Flour production • Smoking • Fireworks • Tilling of arable land crops • Explosives production • Construction • Wood work • Road abrasion • Cereals handling • Quarrying • Smoking meat • Harvesting • Shoe’s sole wear • Use of BBQ Conclusion : SNAP and other nomenclatures to be revised ?

  14. OBSERVATIONS From discussion between experts : • limited knowledge in most countries • very limited number of available inventories • need for more monitoring campaigns • fugitive emissions much more complex to estimate and probably represent a significant amount of total emissions • stress politicians on the high level of uncertainties and risk to use irrelevant information when elaborating regulation involving high economic impact

  15. CONCLUSION • French inventory to complete and to improve • Need for exchange of knowledge between experts, initiatives for cooperation is welcome, especially regarding transparency of data • As primary sources represent a minor part of total PM, would it not more efficient to focus essentially on secondary sources ? • Need to consolidate PM inventories before use by policy makers Further French work : • Revision of the French Inventory in 2001 by CITEPA • Comparison study on methodology used by different countries to carry out PM inventories (final report expected for September 2001) by CITEPA • Projection study, 2015-2020 (expected for October 2001) by CITEPA and INERIS

  16. CITEPA’s web sitewww.citepa.org

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