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APUSH

APUSH . Weber. Agenda. Benchmark exam Market Revolution lecture (20 minutes) Explicating quotes from Voices of Freedom in groups (15 minutes) Individualism discussion (30 minutes) Reading for Friday debate (time permitting). The Factory System.

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APUSH

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  1. APUSH Weber

  2. Agenda • Benchmark exam • Market Revolution lecture (20 minutes) • Explicating quotes from Voices of Freedom in groups (15 minutes) • Individualism discussion (30 minutes) • Reading for Friday debate (time permitting)

  3. The Factory System • Samuel Slater establishes first factory in 1790 • First large scale factories in 1814 in Waltham, Mass. Then Lowell, Mass. • Nature of work shifted from skilled artisan to that of factory worker. • Mass production of interchangeable parts assembled into standardized products. • New England textile mills relied primarily on female and child labor. • South lagged behind the North in terms of factory production.

  4. Ch. 9, Image 15

  5. Ch. 9, Image 16

  6. Ch. 9, Image 17

  7. Ch. 9, Image 18

  8. Growth of Immigration • Economic expansion fueled demand for labor • German and Irish settled primarily in Northern cities. • Reasons for migration (push and pull factors) • Filled mainly low-wage unskilled jobs

  9. Nativism • Racist reaction to immigration • Response to growing Catholic presence (Irish) • Nativists blamed immigrants for: • Urban crime • Political corruption • Alcohol abuse • Undercutting wages

  10. Individualism • Freedom linked to availability of land (Manifest Destiny) • National myth and ideology surrounding the “West” • Transcendentalists responded to competitive materialists individualism of emergent capitalism with idea of self-realization through which individuals remake themselves and their own lives • Ralph Emerson (“Self-Reliance”)

  11. Ch. 9, Image 20

  12. Ch. 9, Image 21

  13. The Second Great Awakening • Added religious element to celebration of individual self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination. • Charles Grandison Finney became a national celebrity for his preaching in upstate N.Y. • Democratized Christianity • Promoted doctrine of human free will • Used opportunities of market revolution to spread their message

  14. Ch. 9, Image 22

  15. Limits of Prosperity • Opportunities for the “self-made man” • Jacob Astor and Heratio Alger • Market revolution produced a new middle class. • Barred from schools and other public facilities most free African Americans and women were excluded from economic opportunities.

  16. Cult of Domesticity • New definition of femininity emerged based on values of love, friendship, and mutual obligation • Virtue became personal moral quality • Women should find freedom fulfilling their duties in their sphere

  17. Ch. 9, Image 27

  18. Early Labor Movement • Some felt that the market revolution reduced their freedom • Economic swings widened gap between rich and poor • First workingman’s parties est. 1820s • Strikes were common by the 1830s • Wage-earners evoked “liberty” when calling for improvements in the workplace • Some described wage labor as slavery: “wage slaves”

  19. Ch. 9, Image 31

  20. Voices of Freedom • You picked a quote from Emerson’s “The American Scholar” and from Orestes Brownson’s “The Laboring Classes” to explicate. • Now, share with the class in discussion groups. • 1. How does Emerson define the freedom of what he calls “the single individual?” • 2. How does Brownson define economic freedom for workers? • 3. What does the contrast between these two documents suggest about the impact of the market revolution in America?

  21. Individualism • What are some examples of individualism, the competitive me-first attitude, in modern society? • How do you think these things came about? Are they products of human nature or of social convention? • Do you think there are different kinds of individualism? If so, how would you classify them?

  22. Emerson’s Individual • Focus quote: • “It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great individual is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.”

  23. Ch. 10 Politics • We will be debating whether the election of 1828 was a democratic revolution tomorrow. • Read ch. 10 in preparation and for Thursday’s test.

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