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Educational Psychology Fourth Edition

PowerPoint Presentation to accompany. Educational Psychology Fourth Edition. by John W. Santrock. C H A P T E R 1. Educational Psychology: A Tool for Effective Teaching. Learning Goals. Describe some basic ideas about the field of educational psychology.

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Educational Psychology Fourth Edition

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  1. PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Educational Psychology Fourth Edition by John W. Santrock

  2. C H A P T E R 1 Educational Psychology: A Tool for Effective Teaching

  3. Learning Goals • Describe some basic ideas about the field of educational psychology. • Identify the attitudes and skills of an effective teacher. • Discuss why research is important to effective teaching and how educational psychologists and teachers can conduct and evaluate research.

  4. Educational Psychology:A Tool for Effective Teaching Exploring Educational Psychology Teaching: Art and Science Historical Background

  5. Educational Psychology… is a branch of psychology that specializes in understanding teaching and learning in educational settings.

  6. Historical Background of Ed Psych 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 William James John Dewey E. L. Thorndike

  7. William James (1842-1910) Emphasized the importance of observing teaching and learning in the classroom for improving education

  8. John Dewey (1859-1952) • Viewed the child as an active learner • Emphasized the child’s adaptation to the environment • Pushed for competent education for all children

  9. E. L. Thorndike (1874-1949) • Initiated an emphasis on assessment and measurement of learning • Promoted the idea that educational psychology must have a scientific base and that measurement should be a central focus

  10. Educational Psychology’sHistorical Background Leta Hollingworth (1916) - First to use the term gifted to describe students who scored exceptionally high on IQ tests. George Sanchez (1932) - Researcher who demonstrated that intelligence tests were culturally biased against minority children. Mamie and Kenneth Clark (1939) - Pioneering researchers who studied African American children’s self-conceptions and identity.

  11. Behavioral Approach • B.F. Skinner (1938) • Psychology as the science of observable behavior and controlling conditions • 1950s programmed learning

  12. 1950s Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Skills 1980s Cognitive Psychologymemory, thinking, reasoning – to help student learn The Cognitive Revolution

  13. Teaching as Art & Science • How is teaching both art and science?

  14. Educational Psychology:A Tool for Effective Teaching Effective Teaching Professional Knowledge and Skills Commitment and Motivation

  15. Reflection & Observation Reflection: • What were the characteristics of the most effective teachers in your educational experience?

  16. Effective TeachingProfessional Knowledge and Skills Effective Teachers: • Exhibit subject matter competence • Implement appropriate instructional strategies • Set high goals for themselves and students and plan for instruction • Create developmentally appropriate instructional materials and activities • Manage classrooms for optimal learning Cont…

  17. Effective TeachingProfessional Knowledge and Skills Effective Teachers: • Use effective strategies to promote students’ motivation to learn • Communicate well with students and parents • Pay more than lip service to individual variations • Work effectively with students from culturally diverse backgrounds • Have good assessment skills • Integrate technology into the curriculum

  18. Effective TeachingCommitment and Motivation Effective Teachers: • Have a good attitude • Care about students • Invest time and effort • Bring a positive attitude and enthusiasm to the classroom

  19. Characteristics of Best Teachers

  20. Characteristics of Worst Teachers

  21. Educational Psychology:A Tool for Effective Teaching Research in Educational Psychology Why Research Is Important Program Evaluation Research, Action Research, and the Teacher-as- Researcher Research Methods

  22. Research in Educational Psychology Research Is Important • Based on the scientific method, researchers • Conceptualize the problem • Collect data • Draw conclusions • Revise research conclusions and theory • Theory • Hypothesis

  23. The Scientific Research Approach STEP 4 Revise Research Conclusions & Theory The scientific research approach is objective, systematic, and testable. STEP 3 Draw Conclusions STEP 2 Collect Information STEP 1 Conceptualize the Problem

  24. Research Methods Descriptive Research • Observations • Laboratory • Naturalistic observation • Participant observation • Interviews and questionnaires • Standardized tests Cont…

  25. Research Methods Descriptive Research • Case studies • Ethnographic Studies • Focus Groups • Personal Journals and Diaries

  26. Correlational Research Measures the strength of a relation between two variables Does NOT establish causal relation Experimental Research Random assignment Experimental vs. control groups Independent vs. dependent variables Research Methods

  27. Observed correlation Possible explanations for this correlation causes Permissiveteaching Children’s lack of self-control As permissiveteaching increases,children’sself-controldecreases causes Children’s lackof self-control Permissiveteaching Permissiveteaching Other factors,such as genetictendencies,poverty, orsociohistoricalcircumstances cause both and Children’s lackof self-control Possible Explanations of Correlational Data

  28. Experimental Research Independent variable: The manipulated, influential experimental factor. Dependent variable: The factor that is measured in an experiment. Control group: A comparison group, no manipulation. Experimental group: The group whose experience is manipulated. Random assignment: Participants are assigned by chance.

  29. Participants randomly assignedto experimental and control groups ExperimentalGroup(time managementprogram) Control Group(no time managementprogram) Students’grades in school Experimental Research A study of the effects of time management on students’ grades

  30. Studying groups of people at one time Researcher doesn’t have to wait until subjects grow older Provides no information about the stability of data over time Studying the same individuals over time Evaluates how children change over time Time consuming and costly Time Span of Research Cross-sectional Longitudinal

  31. Program Evaluation, Action Research, and Teacher-As-Researcher Program Evaluation: Designed to make decisions about a particular program. Action Research: Used to solve a particular classroom or school problem. Teacher-As-Researcher:Teachers conduct their own studies to improve their teaching.

  32. Enter the Debate Should teachers conduct research using their students as subjects? YES NO

  33. Crack the CaseThe Case of the Curriculum Decision • What issues would need to be considered in conducting such a study? • What type of research would be most appropriate? Why? • If she compared the two different curricula and their outcomes, what would the independent variable be? Cont...

  34. Crack the CaseThe Case of the Curriculum Decision • If she compared the two different curricula and their outcomes, what would the dependent variable be? • How should Ms. Huang go about conducting her study?

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