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DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation

DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation. DNA Replication. The weak hydrogen bonds that hold the nitrogen bases break apart by an enzyme The divided strands are then replicated by their matching nitrogen bases

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DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation

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  1. DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation

  2. DNA Replication • The weak hydrogen bonds that hold the nitrogen basesbreak apart by an enzyme • The divided strands are then replicated by their matching nitrogen bases • Your new DNA Strand is then one ‘old strand’ known as the parent strand and one ‘new strand’

  3. Speed of Replication • DNA is replicated REALLY FAST • Human cell copies its 6 billion bases & divide into daughter cells in only few hours • Remarkably accurate • only ~1 error per 100 million bases • ~30 errors per cell cycle

  4. Errors & Fixing • Different types of errors can happen in DNA • Ex: Deletion of nitrogen base or an insertions of nitrogen base • Proofreading enzymes correct any mistakes that occur during replication. • DNA studies have helped us solve major problems in history and in health.

  5. RNA • RNA – RiboNucleic Acid • Made in the nucleus • RNA delivers and interprets what the DNA is saying

  6. DNA vs. RNA • Difference #1: • DNA  double strand • RNA  single strand Difference #2: • DNA nitrogen bases: A, G, C, T • RNA nitrogen bases: A, G, C, U (Uracil)

  7. DNA Transcription • RNA strand is made by reading one of the DNA strands • IMPORTANT!!!  When there is an Adenine base (A), it binds with Uracil (U) in RNA instead of Thymine (T)

  8. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U

  9. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G

  10. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A

  11. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T

  12. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T C

  13. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T C C

  14. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T C C • RNA Strand:

  15. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T C C • RNA Strand: A

  16. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T C C • RNA Strand: A U

  17. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T C C • RNA Strand: A U C

  18. RNA Base-Pairing Practice • DNA Strand#1: A G T T C A • DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T • RNA Strand: U C A A G U • DNA Strand #1: T A G G • DNA Strand #2: A T C C • RNA Strand: A U C C

  19. DNA Translation • What does Translation mean?

  20. DNA Translation • RNA is transferred out of the nucleus to the ribosome • CODON: three nitrogen bases • One Codon(in order on the RNA strand) makes ONE amino acid • Amino acids put together make a protein

  21. Put it all together!

  22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sstJI3agBcM

  23. New Vocabularies Learned • Replication • RNA • DNA Transcription • DNA Translation • Codon

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