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J. Marton on behalf SIDDHARTA/SIDDHARTA2 Stefan Meyer Institute, Vienna

Experimental Studies of kaonic atoms P recise investigation of the strong interaction with strangeness at low energies. J. Marton on behalf SIDDHARTA/SIDDHARTA2 Stefan Meyer Institute, Vienna. P24756-N20. Content. Exotic atoms as probes for fundamental interactions

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J. Marton on behalf SIDDHARTA/SIDDHARTA2 Stefan Meyer Institute, Vienna

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  1. Experimental Studies of kaonic atoms Precise investigation of the strong interaction with strangeness at low energies J. Marton on behalf SIDDHARTA/SIDDHARTA2 Stefan Meyer Institute, Vienna P24756-N20 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  2. ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  3. Content • Exoticatomsasprobesfor fundamental interactions • Resultsof KH, K3,4He experiments • Open issues: K-D measurement, high resolutionexperiments • Experimental challenges (yield, background) • Target and Instrumentation • Summary and Outlook ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  4. Whatis a exotic (kaonic) atom? ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  5. Exotic atoms K-p, K-d -p, -d …. Hadronic atoms are sensitive probes for the strong interaction at lowest energy (direct study of strong interaction at threshold) Lamb-shift muonic hydrogen  Proton radius Studies of fundamental interactions and symmetries with exotic atomic bound systems ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  6. Cascade in hadronicatoms (KH,KD) l=0 1 2 n-1 Atomic capture in high n state  subsequent e.m. cascade external Auger effect chem. de-excitation nuclear absorption Coulomb de-excitation X-ray radiation Probing strong interactionatthreshold K 1s 1s ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  7. Kaonic hydrogen and deuterium • Principal interaction = electromagnetic • Strong interaction manifests in hadronic shift and width of the 1s state energy displacement from the electromagnetic value of the 1s state and broadening due to K- absorption • calculated solving the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation and taking into account vacuum polarization (VP) and final size (FS) effect (accuracy ~1eV). • Strong interaction effect on 2p state is weak (meV) and experimentally undetermined, nevertheless has severe consequences for the x-ray yield. ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  8. Experiments on kaonic hydrogen Older experiments used liquid targets which have the disadvantage of lower yields (Stark effect) KpX, PRL1997 KEK (K beam) Gas target Si(Li) detectors DEAR, PRL2005 DAFNE (e+ e- collider) Gas target CCD detectors SIDDHARTA, PLB 2011 DAFNE (e+ e- collider) Gas target SDD detectors ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  9. Kaonic atoms at DANE/Frascati e+-e- collider Accu. LINAC ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  10. SIDDHARTA data overview ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  11. Beam pipe in e+e- intersection of SIDDHARTA SIDDHARTA used the KLOE intersection of DAFNE Luminosity increased with new system providing a large crossing angle (crab waist system) Kaon window Kaon detectors sitting below and above the intersection ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  12. SIDDHARTA SDD Array 144 SDDs =144 cm2 active area ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  13. Background suppression in SIDDHARTA Efficient background suppression by using the kaon - x-ray correlation time [83 ns/ch] X-rayenergy [keV] ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  14. Comparison kaonic3He and 4He K-4He (3d-2p) K-3He (3d-2p) PLB697(2011)199 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  15. Kaonic helium results • calibration under control within several eV ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  16. Yields in kaonic helium atoms • Study ofthe x-raypattern in kaonicheliumatoms (transitionstothe 2p state) • First determinationofthe absolute yields • Indicationsofweakmolecular Stark mixing • Data arecallingforimprovedcascadecalulations ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  17. K-p result SIDDHARTA e1S= −283 ± 36(stat) ± 6(syst) eV G1S= 541 ± 89(stat) ± 22(syst) eV Physics Letters B704 (2011) 113 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  18. Kaonicatomswithdeuterium gas (SIDDHARTA) fit forshiftabout 500 eV, widthabout 1000eV, Ka / Kcomplex = 0.4 First exploratory K-d x-rayexperiment 2p-1s 3p-1s and higher ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  19. Yieldof K-series in K-D Upper limits (90 C.L.) for the x-ray yield (SIDDHARTA) Y (Ktot) < 0.0143 Y (Kα) < 0.0039 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  20. Kaonic Hydrogen: 400pb-1, most precise measurement, Physics Letters B704 (2011) 113 Kaonic deuterium: 100 pb-1, exploratory first measurement ever, Nucl. Phys.A907 (2013)69 - Kaonic helium 4:first measurement ever in gaseous target; published in Phys. Lett. B 681 (2009) 310; NIM A628 (2011) 264 and Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011)- Kaonic helium 3: 10 pb-1, first measurement, published in Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011) 199 Results of SIDDHARTA ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  21. Sourcesof experimental information on KbarNinteraction K-p scatteringdata forthresholddataextrapolation necessary Thresholdbranchingratios Kaonicatomdata Kaonic hydrogen Kaonicdeuterium 1s stateshift 1s statewidth  x-rayspectroscopy Constraintsfromprecisekaonic hydrogen measurements sub-thresholdextrapolationsoftheKbarNamplitudewith stronglyreduceduncertainties ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  22. Chiral SU(3) theory of antikaon-nucleon interactions with improved threshold constraints Y. Ikeda, T. Hyodo and W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A881 (2012) 98-114. ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  23. Predictions Real and imaginary part of the K-n  K-n forward scattering amplitude in the sub-threshold region Imaginary part of the I=0 KbarN and  amplidudes Error bands due to constraints by SIDDHARTA ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  24. Motivation fornewexperiments • SIDDHARTA – K-p strong interaction observables • SIDDHARTA – First exploratory experiment on K-D • But: No data on hadronicshift and width of 1s state of kaonic deuterium •  still to be measured • Study of K-n interaction: Isospin-dependent scattering lengths from KH and KD  K-p interaction at low energy is well understood, but the case of K-d represents the most important missing information • High resolutionstudiesofkaonicatoms (e.g. K-He, heavierkaonicatoms) ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  25. Expectedshiftandwidth => shift = -800 eV width = 800 eV used in simulation ModifiedDeserformulanext-to-leadingorder in isospinbreaking (Meißner, Raha, Rusetsky2004[3]) (mcreducedmassofK-d, afinestructureconstant) [1] M. Döring, U.-G. Meißner, Phys. Lett. B 704 (2011) 663. [3] U.-G. Meißner, U.Raha, A.Rusetsky, Eur. phys. J. C35 (2004) 349. [4] T. Mizutani, C. Fayard, B. Saghai, K. Tsushima, arXiv:1211.5824[hep-ph] (2013). [5] N.V. Shevchenko, Nucl. Phys. A 890-891 (2012) 50-61. [6] A. Gal, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A22 (2007) 226 [7] U.-G. Meißner, U. Raha, A. Rusetsky, Eur. phys. J. C47 (2006) 473 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  26. Isospinscatteringlengths • The isospinscatteringlengths a0and a1for I=0,1 cannotbedeterminedfrom ε1sand Γ1sfromkaonic hydrogen. • The (modified) Deser-type formulaU.G.Meißner,U.Raha,A.Rusetsky,Eur.Phys.J.C35(2004)349,arXiv:hep-ph/0402261. • Kaonicdeuteriumprovides thelackinginformation ap = ½(a0+a1) an = a1 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  27. Goal of K-D experiment • Measurement oftheshift ε1sandwidth (broadening) Γ1softhegroundstate 1s • Sinceonlythe 1s stateismeasurablyaffectedby strong interaction measured K lineenergiescomparedtocalculatede.mtransitionenergiesyieldε1s andΓ1s ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  28. Comparison KH-KD ???? KH KD ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  29. X-rayyields in K-D T. S. Jensen, “AtomicCascade in Kaonic Hydrogen and Deuterium”, Proceedingsof DAFNE 2004: Physicsatmesonfactories, June 2004. T.Koike, T. Harada, "calculationof K-p and K-d atoms", Phys. Rev. C 53 (1996) 79 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  30. K-D experimentsemployingnewinstrumentation ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  31. From SIDDHARTA to SIDDHARTA2 • Changes • Factor 2 in densityofdeuterium gas • Kaontriggergeometryandarrangement • Discrimination K+/K-bylifetimedetector • Activeshieldingofapparatus • Higher timingresolutionof SDDs bycooling SIDDHARTA2 SIDDHARTA ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  32. Lightweight cryogenictarget (usedfor KH) working T 22 K working P 1.5 bar Alu-grid Side wall: Kapton 50 µm Kaon entrance window: Kapton75 µm ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  33. Plans for SIDDHARTA2 at DAFNE ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  34. New x-raydetectors ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  35. New SDDs for x-raydetection (FBK andPolitecnico Milano) • Excellentactiveto total area 85% • Large solid angle • Verygoodenergyresolution • Verygoodtimingatlow T Test with Fe-55 source Mn Kα 127 eV (FWHM) ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  36. SDD Characterization • Extremely important for precision x-ray spectroscopy • Stability • Long term monitoring gain and offset • Stability under small temperature variations • Gain stability at different x-ray rates • Linearity • SDD time response at various temperatures • SDD operation at low temperatures • Radiation hardness ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  37. KaonicdeuteriumwithSIDDHARTA2 at DAFNE Monte Carlo Simulation for KD in SIDDHARTA2: Shift: -805 eV Width: 750 eV Yield (Kα)=0.001 Luminosity: 800 pb-1 Precision from MC Shift: 70 eV Width 150 eV M. Bazzi et al. (SIDDHARTA Coll.), Nucl.Phys. A907 (2013) 69. Weexpecttomeasureshiftandwidthofkaonicdeuterium with a similarrelative precisionlikekaonic hydrogen ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  38. Option: kaonicdeuterium @ J-PARC J-PARC K1.8BR spectrometer, for E15, E17 Proposalfor J-PARC Submittedandpresented 2014 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  39. SIDDHARTA2 @DAFNE DAFNE – ideal forkaonicatoms Kaonsource(Φdecay in K-K+) Low-energykaons(127 MeV/c) ideal forstopping Notracking With 10 pb-1 per day 1.5 107 K- per dayisotropically 2% per kaon pair stopping in gas 144 SDDs from SIDDHARTA Kaonicdeuterium @J-PARC ? Kaon beam Kaonsathighermomentum(660-1000 MeV/c) needsdegrader Tracking With 30 kW beam power 430 107 K- per day 0.03% per kaon pair stopping in gas (660 MeV/c) 340 SDDs ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  40. Cryogenictargetand SDDs ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  41. Setup at J-PARC K1.8BR ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  42. Monte Carlo results Kd@J-PARC ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  43. Outlook: New precisionstudieswithnewtechnologies • Kaonichelium 2p stateshift/width • 2 levelstudies in kaonicatoms ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  44. New experiments - microcalorimeter Study of 2 transitions in the same kaonic atom for separating one-nucleon 1N) from multi-nucleon (mN) processes using micro-calorimeters • Further applicationsof • microcalorimetersforprecision x-raystudies: • K-He-3,4 2p-shift/width • Chargedkaonmass ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  45. Summary • SIDDHARTA – important results on light kaonic atoms • Strong impact for KbarN theory • SIDDHARTA – first exploratory experiment on K-d • SIDDHARTA2 with improved apparatus aiming at a first extraction of 1s state shift and width in kaonic deuterium • SIDDHARTA2 at DAFNE/J-PARC • Close collaboration of experimentalists and theoreticiansextremelyimportant LEANNIS (HadronPhysics3 in EU FP7) P24756-N20 ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

  46. Thankyou ICNFP, Crete, July 2014

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