LING 306 TEFL METHODOLOGY

1. LING 306 TEFL METHODOLOGY TEFL METHODOLOGY

2. Approach • Refers to theories about the nature of language and language learning. • Three theoretical views of language- • Structural view • Functional view • Interactional view

3. Theory of Language Learning • What are psycholinguistic and cognitive processes involved in language learning? • What are the conditions that need to be met in order for these learning processes to be activated? • Process oriented theories build on learning processes – e.g.; habit formation, induction, inferencing, hypothesis testing, and generalization. • Condition oriented theories emphasize the nature of human and physical context in which language learning takes place.

4. Monitor Model • Developed by Stephen D. Krashen. • Example of a learning theory on which a method has been built (Natural Approach). • Addresses both the process and condition dimensions of learning. • Distinguishes between acquisition and learning. • Addresses conditions necessary for the process of acquisition- in terms of the type of input. • Input must be comprehensible, slightly above the learner’s level of competence, interesting or relevant, not grammatically sequenced, sufficient quantity, and in low anxiety context.

5. Acquisition and Learning • Acquisition- natural assimilation of language rules through using language for communication. • Learning- formal study of language rules and is a conscious process. Learning is available as a monitor.

6. Natural Approach • Developed by Tracy D. Terrell (1977) • A method derived primarily from a learning theory rather than from a particular view of language. • The learning theory specifies both processes and conditions.

7. Counseling Learning and The Silent Way • By Charles A. Curran • Focus primarily on the conditions necessary for successful learning without specifying what the learning process themselves are. • Atmosphere of the classroom is a crucial factor. • Seeks to eliminate feelings of intimidation and insecurity.

8. Total Physical Response (1977) • Developed by James Asher. • A method that derives primarily from a learning theory rather than a theory of the nature of language. • Addresses the process and the condition aspects of learning. • Based on the belief that child language learning is based on coordinating language with actions.

9. The Silent Way (1972) • Developed by Caleb Gattegno • Built around a theory of the conditions necessary for successful learning to be realized. • Addresses learners needs to feel secure about learning. • Learners assume conscious control of learning. • Learners are trained to consciously use their intelligence to increase learning potential.

10. Theory of Language Learningvs.Theory of Language • Structuralism (a linguistic theory) + behaviorism (a learning theory) = Audio lingualism. • Approach concerns with theoretical principles. • Language theory language competence linguistic organization and language use. • Learning theory central processes of learning and conditions believed to promote successful language learning.

11. Teaching Method • May or may not result from principles. • Teaching method can be influenced and developed from views of language and a particular theory of learning. • It may be constantly revised, modified on the basis of learners’ performance, and reactions to instructional practice.