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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Kyra Logronio Krzty Ogoc. 1. What are the physical and chemical behavior of acids and bases ?.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases Kyra Logronio KrztyOgoc

  2. 1. What are the physical and chemical behavior of acids and bases? The term acid comes from the Latin term acere, which means "sour". Acids tastes sour, they are corrosive to metals, have pH of less than 7, turns blue litmus to red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases.

  3. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H+) and they neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction. Bases taste bitter, they feel slippery, has a pH above 7, turn red litmus to blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids. A base, or alkali, is a material that can donate a hydroxide ion (OH-). Bases neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction and they denature protein.

  4. 2. How do we differentiate an acid from a base? We can differentiate an acid from a base by using indicator. Under the Bronsted definition, acids are often referred to as “proton donors” while the bases are the “proton acceptors”.

  5. 3. How are the strength of acids and bases identified? The amount of acid quality of a solution depends upon the concentration of ionized hydrogens. Strong acids completely dissociate in water, forming H+ and an anion. An incompletely ionized acid are called weak acids, because there is a smaller concentration of ionized hydrogens available in the solution. This means they only partially dissociates in water to give H+ and the anion.

  6. Strong bases are the ones who are completely ionize into hydroxide ions and a conjugate acid. They dissociate 100% into the cation and OH-. Strong bases are the hydroxides of Groups I and II. Most weak bases are anions of weak acids. Weak bases do not furnish OH- ions by dissociation. They react with water to furnish the OH- ions.

  7. 4. How are acids and bases quantified? By using pH scale, it is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations. The pH scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement.

  8. 5. What are pH indicators? An acid-base indicator is a weak acid or a weak base. The undissociated form of the indicator is a different color than the iogenic form of the indicator. An Indicator does not change color from pure acid to pure alkaline at specific hydrogen ion concentration, but rather, color change occurs over a range of hydrogen ion concentrations. This range is termed the color change interval. It is expressed as a pH range.

  9. 6. What are common applications/uses of acids and bases? Common examples of acids include acetic acid in vinegar, sulfuric acid which is used in car batteries, tartaric acid used in baking, and muriatic acid where the name is given to an industrial grade of hydrochloric acid that is often used in the finishing of concrete. Bases are commonly found in soap and are used to neutralize acids. Bases react with acids to produce water and salts.

  10. THE END =)

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