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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Nature of Human Relations. Learning Objectives. Explain human relations and its implications for management. Trace the evolution of human relations thinking from industrialism through scientific management to the present.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 The Nature of Human Relations

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain human relations and its implications for management. • Trace the evolution of human relations thinking from industrialism through scientific management to the present. • Compare and contrast the traditional model of the worker with the modern human resources model. • Discuss the role of behavioral science in human relations. • Describe some of the emerging challenges in the human relations area.

  3. What is Human Relations? Human relations is the process by which management and workers interact and attain their objectives

  4. The Evolution of Human Relations The major stages in developing a philosophy for managing human assets: • The emergence of industrialism • The scientific management movement • The behavioral management movement

  5. Human Resources Era • The traditional model is the old way of managing people • The human resources model views people as having untapped potential

  6. Rensis Likert’s Four Systems of Management • System 1: Managers are exploitive autocrats • System 2: Managers are benevolent autocrats • System 3: Managers are consultative and democratic • System 4: Managers are participative and democratic

  7. The Scientific Method “The scientific method has one characteristic that no other method of attaining knowledge has: self-direction. There are built in checks all along the way to scientific knowledge. These checks are so conceived and used that they control and verify the scientific activities and conclusions to the end of attaining dependable knowledge outside himself.”

  8. Behavioral research in Human Relations • Behavioral scientists are individuals who apply their training to the study of behavior in organizations • A test group is a group that is given some form of treatment • A control group is a group that is not given any treatment

  9. Behavioral Research in Human Relations (contd.) • Structured interviews use specific questions asked in a predetermined manner • Unstructured interviews follow a general direction but no rigidly set format

  10. Emerging Challenges in Human Relations • Managing knowledge workers • Managing diversity • Addressing ethics and social responsibility concerns • Adapting to international and cultural challenges

  11. Glass Ceiling A glass ceiling is an artificial barrier preventing women from being promoted

  12. Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics is the study of standards and moral judgment Social responsibility is the obligations of a business to society

  13. Code of Conduct A guide summarizing the ethical principles and standards for individual behavior

  14. Human relations Scientific management Hawthorne studies Social networks Traditional model Human resources model System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4 Scientific method Behavioral scientists Test group Control group Structured interviews Unstructured interviews Glass ceiling Ethics Social responsibility Code of Conduct Key Terms in the Chapter

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