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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Understanding Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Learn about Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a chronic condition characterized by inappropriate mucosal immune activation. Explore the differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, their symptoms, and histopathological features. Gain insights into the gastrointestinal system and the formation of strictures.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Understanding Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

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  1. Gastrointestinal system (D) MaramAbdaljaleel, MD Dermatopathologist & Neuropathologist Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan

  2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): • chronic condition resulting from inappropriate mucosal immune activation. • IBD encompasses two major entities, Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. • Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and extends only into the mucosa and submucosa. • Crohn disease, which also has been referred to as regional enteritis (because of frequent ileal involvement), may involve any area of the gastrointestinal tract and frequently is transmural.

  3. Crohn Disease • may occur in any area of the gastrointestinal tract. • The most common sites involved by Crohn disease at presentation are the terminal ileum, ileocecal valve, and cecum. • Multiple, separate, sharply delineated areas of disease, resulting in skip lesions. • Cobblestone appearance in which diseased tissue is depressed below the level of normal mucosa. • Elongated, serpentine ulcers oriented along the axis of the bowel.

  4. Histopathology: • Fissures frequently develop between mucosal folds and may extend deeply to become sites of perforation or fistula tracts. • Transmuraledema, inflammation, submucosal fibrosis, all of which contribute to stricture formation. • Distortion of mucosal architecture. • Noncaseatinggranulomas, a hallmark of Crohn disease, in about 35% of cases and may arise in areas of active disease or uninvolved regions in any layer of the intestinal wall.

  5. Small-intestinal stricture. Linear mucosal ulcers and thickened intestinal wall

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