Moving Westward

1. Moving Westward Objective: Understand the exploration of America’s vast inland empire in the early 1800’s.

2. Thursday 9/26/13 • RAP • Open your textbook to page 122-123 • Please read these two pages and look at the pictures. • Describe what you think it might have been like to travel west with a wagon train. • Today: • PPT –Moving West • Reading and answering questions on Ch. 5 reading questions CH. 5.1 QUESTIONS are DUE FRIDAY!!

3. DIRECTIONS • Today you will see a series of slides that show the expansion of American civilization westward during the early nineteenth century. • You are to examine each picture depicting development and carefully think about what you see and be prepared to answer a series of questions.

4. In your notes, describe and make a sketch of what you see in the painting. PLEASE DO THIS QUIETLY. SHHHHH • What would you name this painting? Why?

5. MANIFEST DESTINY • What type of people do you see? • What are they doing? • Where are they going? • What else do you see? • What does the artist want us to think? • Would all people agree with this painting?

6. MANIFEST DESTINY • A newspaper editor John L. Sullivan wrote in 1845, • “Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government.”

7. MANIFEST DESTINY • After the Revolutionary War, Americans were looking west for land, profit, and / or a new life. • The United States now had room to grow and people came to populate it, which led to the creation of new states. • New states were doubling or tripling their population. • Ohio-less than 50,000 people in early 1800’s; by 1840-about 1.5 million people. • Illinois- 1810- 12,000 to nearly a half a million by 1840. • Alabama- around 22,000 in 1820 to more than 127,000 in 1840. • Americans wanted to spread their beliefs and ideas westward to the Pacific Ocean.

8. Louisiana Purchase • What do you see on this map? What territory became part of the United States in 1803? How do you think Americans in the early 1800’s felt about this rapid expansion of their country?

9. LOUISIANA TERRITORY • The U.S. doubled its size after purchasing the Louisiana area from France in 1803. • Many Americans were worried about this dramatic growth. WHY? • Democracy could not possibly succeed in a nation so spread out. • People thought it would be difficult to govern from Washington D.C. • Creation of new slave states. • But the majority of Americans favored expansion. • Some looked to lay claim to the entire continent.

10. LEWIS AND CLARK • President Thomas Jefferson commissioned Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to lead an expedition across the northern plains of Louisiana and on to the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, Zebulon Pike led two expeditions into the nation’s new territory. What similarities and differences do you think these two groups experienced? Claimed by Russia, Gr. Britain, Spain, & U.S. Lewis & Clark, 1804-1806 Pike, 1805-1806 Pike, 1806-1807

11. Who are these people? How are they dressed? Do you see a Native American? What might her role be? Do you see an African American? What might his role be? Why did these people explore the wilderness?

12. LEWIS AND CLARK • Lewis and Clark at Three Forks, Montana • May 14, 1804, Lewis, Clark, and 43 adventurersleft St. Louis, Missouri, by boat to journey into the unexplored West. • On the journey they took: • 21 bales of Native American trade goods, 50 bushels of cornmeal, 20 barrels of flour, 7 barrels of salt, 50 kegs of pork, & guns, ammunition, and tools. They also took President Jefferson’s detailed instructions. • They were to gather knowledge, detailed information on the indigenous people, and to establish friendly relations. • Life on trip: • Boat trip was hard going, mosquitoes, sandbars, hidden snags, and floating mats of driftwood. • York, the African American, was a slave of the Clark family. York was treated as an equal on the trip, being able to hunt, vote where to build a settlement, and write in journals. After returning home he was back to being treated as a slave. He was not reunited with wife and would not be given his freedom by Clark and was subject to beatings for begging for freedom. • By 1805, Clark wrote in his journal “We are in view of the ocean, this great Pacific Ocean.” • Expedition wintered in Oregon, surviving on roots, fish, and dog meat. • On September 23, 1806, Lewis and Clark returned to St. Louis. • Traveled 8,000 miles • **They brought back priceless information about the unexplored territory.

13. MAP MAKING • Distance was determined by a variety of methods. These included devices that measured the speed of travel: • Rivers or streams - they used log-lines or counted paddle-strokes. • Land- they counted their steps (pacing), and later, used viameters (odometers) attached to a wheel. • For more accurate measurements, some explorers also carried a one-hundred link chain called a Gunter's chain. This chain measured precisely 66 feet in length. • Height of the mountains and hills - along the route were often measured as well, using an instrument called a barometer.

14. SKETCH OF LEWIS AND CLARK • MAKE A SKETCH OF LEWIS AND CLARK AND THEIR EXPEDITION IN YOUR NOTES. • Add bubbles to three of the members. • In the bubbles respond to these questions. • Which parts of the Louisiana Territory has the expedition explored? • What unique experiences have members of the expedition had? • Why are the findings of the expedition important to all Americans? Lastly, write a caption for your drawing that includes the title of the event. (i.e. The Lewis and Clark expedition, 1804 to 1806)

15. What do you see in this painting? Where do you think this painting is set? What does it look like they are doing?

16. Lieutenant Zebulon Pike • In 1805, Pike led a small group of explorers up the Mississippi River to find the headwaters in northern U.S. or Canada. • Although, he failed to find the headwaters, he did bring back notes on the natives, traders, trading posts, animals, and geography of the upper Mississippi River. • Pike was sent out on this exploration by General James Wilkinson. • Eight months later, he returned and was sent out on another expedition, in 1806, across the Southern Western plains. • Pike was asked to bring back notes on everything (same as above), along with “the most respectable Cammanches.” This was a difficult task because the Comanche’s were known to be fierce and hostile warriors. • In February of 1807, Pike and his ragged group were arrested by the Spanish for trespassing. • The explorer was accused of being a spy and stripped of his papers. • His group was later escorted out of Spanish territory back to U.S. territory. • Pike wrote a book about the experience and described the New Mexicans as “the bravest and most hardy subjects of New Spain.” Very hospitable and kind.

17. PLAQUE and WANTED POSTER FOR ZEBULON PIKE • In your notes, make a plaque and a wanted poster. (This will be a small sketch.) • Your plaque should PRAISE Pike’s leadership in exploring the Southwest from the perspective of the U.S. government. • Design a wanted poster below the plaque representing the attitudes of the Spanish authorities towards Pike and his men.

18. What people moved west? What influences led to movement west? • People • Hunters & trappers • Settlers and land speculators • Criminals • Religious groups-to spread religion to the “savages” • Inventions: • Cotton gin—Eli Whitney • Transportation improvements- • Roads • Travel on rivers- • steamboats by the 1820’s • Erie canal

19. OBSTACLES • Two Nations: • Great Britain • Oregon Country • Border on the north. • Mexico--1821 • What is now Texas and west of Mississippi to California • Why would these be obstacles for westward expansion?

20. CLOSING PARAGRAPH • Directions: Write a letter to someone back home (wherever that may be) explaining how westward expansion has had an impact on your life. You will be assuming the role of one of the following. • A pioneer / settler • A trapper / Hunter / explorer • A Native American • A buffalo—home could be wherever your family is  • You are describing what life has been like since people started moving west or for you as you move west. • Try to finish video “Westward” while you write your paragraph.

21. Friday 9/27/13 RAP • What did Lewis and Clark bring back from their journey to the west coast? • Why was it important? • What information did Zebulon Pike bring back from his journey? Today: • Letters DUE MONDAY • Review Ch. 5.1 questions • Present letters to class • Video on America the story of Us-- West

22. Cherokee Expulsion • Review Ch. 5.1 pages 133-135 • As a Class we will read the Cherokee Expulsion • Pages 136-139 • Split questions with quads– share answers

23. Watch the video— “Westward” America the story of us. Please take a few notes on: Donner party Alamo Lincoln Anything else interesting. 