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Sarah Carratt and Carmen Castaneda Department of Biology Loyola Marymount University

Cold Adaption in Budding Yeast. Babette Schade, Gregor Jansen, Malcolm Whiteway, Karl D. Entian, and David Y. Thomas (2004) Molecular Biology of the Cell , Vol. 15, 5492-5502. Sarah Carratt and Carmen Castaneda Department of Biology Loyola Marymount University BIOL 398/MATH 388

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Sarah Carratt and Carmen Castaneda Department of Biology Loyola Marymount University

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  1. Cold Adaption in Budding Yeast Babette Schade, Gregor Jansen, Malcolm Whiteway, Karl D. Entian, and David Y. Thomas (2004) Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 15, 5492-5502 Sarah Carratt and Carmen Castaneda Department of Biology Loyola Marymount University BIOL 398/MATH 388 March 24, 2011

  2. Stress Affects Transcriptional Response • QUESTION: • How do cold temperatures and other stress stimuli affect transcriptional response in S. cerevisiae? • This study looks at mechanisms responsible for growth and survival at low temperatures • FIGURES 1 & 2: • Identify the programmed responses to stress at 10°C • Contrast early and late cold response for functional categories • Compare cold shock as defined by Schade et al. (10°C) to Gasch (25°C)

  3. Cells Respond to Stress • Unicellular organisms are affected by a variety of extreme changes in their environments • Developed programmed responses to stress into the genetic code, not random • The transcription of genes is changed • ~10% of the genome responds • Genes involved are defined as ESR • Little known about mechanisms responsible for growth and survival at low temperatures • Cold causes different changes in the physical and biochemical properties • Ability to adapt is determined by different regulatory mechanisms

  4. Important Definitions for Figures • Division of time • Early cold response (ECR) = up to 2 hours • Late cold response (LCR) = 12-60 hours • Regulation and color codes • GREEN = down-regulated: repressed • RED = up-regulated: induced

  5. Hierarchical cluster analysis shows • Along the horizontal we have genes clustered. • On the vertical axis the individual chips are clustered. • Longer time meant that more genes were active. • LCR genes are more active.

  6. Distribution of Functional Categories and Regulation Response in ECR & LCR 3 1 1 3 2 2

  7. Transcription: Increased LCR Down-Regulated Genes 1 1 • mRNA is synthesized from DNA • 833 genes for transcription • down-regulated: cell is attempting to conserve energy • up-regulated: innate attempt to maintain homeostasis

  8. Protein Synthesis: Large Increase in LCR Down-Regulated Genes 2 2 • proteins synthesized from mRNA • 380 genes for protein synthesis • down-regulated: cell does NOT inefficient energy use • up-regulated: stays low, indicates no deficiencies

  9. Stress Response: Increased LCR Up-Regulated Genes (Reversal) 3 3 • respond to environment (cold), emergencies, ect. • 294 genes for stress response • ECR: more down-regulated than up-regulated • LCR: more up-regulated genes than down-regulated • significance related to function

  10. Gasch vs Schade: Defining Cold Shock in ECR • Gasch: 37 to 25 • Schade: 30 to 10 • key differences in regulation of lower region • indicates that there may be different genes • a/b: genes that changed at 25 (Gasch)

  11. References • In this presentation, images and data were used from the following source: • Schade et. al. “Cold Adaption in Budding Yeast” (2004) Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 15, 5492-5502

  12. Acknowledgements • We would like to thank the following people for their help with this presentation: • Dr. Kam D. Dahlquist, Ph.D. • Dr. Ben G. Fitzpatrick, Ph.D.

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