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Satellite Data Applications within NMFS

This presentation highlights the applications of satellite data in ecosystem-based management of living marine resources. It covers examples of satellite data usage in fisheries, the importance of ocean features and temporal events to ecosystems, and the characterization of habitat for marine species. The goal is to showcase the potential of satellite data for effective marine resource management.

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Satellite Data Applications within NMFS

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  1. Satellite Data Applications within NMFS Environmental Cara WilsonNOAA/NMFS/SWFSC Environmental Research Division (ERD)(formerly PFEL) Integrating Satellite Data Products into Ecosystem-Based Management of Living Marine Resources MBARI, Moss Landing, CA, May 3-5, 2006

  2. Acknowledgments Special thanks to Stan Wilson and John Pereira (NESDIS) and NOAA’s Satellite Research & Operations (R&O) transition project

  3. NMFS-Satellite group • Established Jan 2005 • Satellite POCs for each science center (appointed by lab director) AFSC Jeff Napp (Seattle) NEFSC Jay O’Reilly (Narragansett) NWFSC Bill Peterson (Newport) PIFSC Jeff Polovina (Honolulu) SEFSC Tom Leming (Mississippi) SWFSC Cara Wilson (Pacific Grove) ST Kenric Osgood (Silver Spring) POC also a CoastWatch PI Labs outside of the regional HQ laboratory

  4. The NMFS ‘Road Tour’ Schedule NOAA Fisheries and Satellite Data – Where are we and where are we going? AFSC Seattle, WA Jun 7, 2005 SWFSC * La Jolla, CA Jun 15, 2005 PIFSC Honolulu, HI Jul 18, 2005 SEFSC * Miami, FL Jul 26, 2005 NEFSC Narragansett, RI Aug 2, 2005 NWFSC Newport, OR Aug 16, 2005 AFSC * Juneau, AK Jan 31, 2006 NEFSC * Woods Hole, MA Mar 10, 2006 NMFS HQ Silver Spring, MD Mar 13, 2006 NESDIS HQ Silver Spring, MD Mar 14, 2006 SWFSC * Santa Cruz, CA May ?, 2006 * NMFS Satellite POC not at this lab

  5. Outline • Examples of satellite data usage with fisheries • Some history

  6. Ultimate Ecosystem from presentation by Jack Dunnigan, former Ecosystem Goal Team Lead

  7. Satellite data can NOTdirectly measure populations of fish, lobsters, whales, turtles, etc.

  8. Satellite data measures oceanic parameters of habitat and ecosystems that influence marine resources

  9. Large Marine Ecosystems Annual satellite-derived Primary Productivity and the outlines of the 64 defined LMEs Sherman et al., MEPS, 2005 NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC

  10. Ocean Features Important to Ecosystems • Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’ • River plumes • Coastal regions • Mesoscale circulation patterns: eddies, meanders, ‘loops’ • Convergence zones • Subsurface thermal structure: MLD, thermocline • Ocean surface winds • Ocean currents • Wave heights Most of these ocean features can not be adequately resolved without satellite data

  11. Temporal Events Important to Ecosystems • Upwelling • Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) • Oil Spills • Seasonal Transitions • El Niño events • Regime Shifts (i.e. PDO) • Global Climate Change Climate change can affect the timing and/or intensity of many of these processes Climate Data Records (CDRs) of satellite measurements need to be maintained!

  12. Oceanic Food Web Fishing Marinemammals Tuna, billfish 4 3 2 1 Largesquids Misc.fish Small squids Small pelagics Mesopelagics Trophic Level Benthic fish Large zooplankton Benthic invertebrates Small zooplankton ≈ Satellite measured Chlorophyll Detritus Phytoplankton Modified from Pauly & Christensen [1993]

  13. Timing of the Spring bloom and Haddock Survival (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Late Early Test of the match-mismatch hypothesis Annual anomaly in the timing of the spring bloom based on SeaWiFS chlorophyll data Earlier bloom means more time in the ‘green’ zone From Platt et al., Nature, 2003 EarlyLate

  14. Characterizing Habitat Loggerhead turtle tracks along the Transitional Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) in the N. Pacific during Feb. ‘01 The TZCF is an important foraging ground for a number of commercial and protected species. Interannual variability in its location has been tied to the reproductive success of endangered monk seal pups. SSH Chlorophyll NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL Polovina et al., Fish. Ocean., 2004 NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC

  15. Defining Salmon Ocean Habitat Temperature and depth tag (not a cigarette!) NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ERD

  16. Chinook Potential Habitat (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Probability Density OR OR Surface Temp CA CA Density of fish’s temperature experience at the surface from tag data SatelliteSST “Contours of utilization” – likely fish location NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL Hinke et al., MEPS, 2005 NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC

  17. Discovering Habitat? 35°N 30°N 25°N 20°N Large recurrent chlorophyll blooms discovered with satellite data in the middle of the oligotrophic Pacific gyre. The blooms occur within the target area of several fisheries, including albacore and swordfish, but their impact on higher trophic levels is not known. > 500 km in diameter Oct 2000 150°W 140°W 130°W 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 SeaWiFS Chlorophyll (mg/m3) Wilson, GRL, 2003 NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC

  18. Calanus Calanus SST Color SST Right Whale Forecast = * Whale feeding areas = * Ship strikes are biggest source of mortality to highly endangered (<400 left) Right Whales. Ability to predict their location will help NOAA minimize ship traffic in those regions. Pershing and Monger, Cornell University, funded by NOAA’s Right Whale Grants Program www.geo.cornell.edu/whales

  19. Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) detection NOAA National Ocean Service Operational Monitoring and Forecasting of HABs in the Gulf of Mexico Courtesy of Rick Stumpf, NOS Orbimage - SeaWiFS

  20. Cruise Support Domoic Acid levels (circles) measured during an ECOHAB survey, overlaid on top of satellite chlorophyll. Satellite chlorophyll data is also crucial for monitoring development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL From Vera Trainer NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC

  21. Policy & Regulation • On the east coast Coastwatch SST data is used by NMFS management to regulate operation of the flounder fishery and TED requirements in order to mitigate catch of endangered sea turtles • Special SST data product is maintained by NOAA’s West Coast CoastWatch node for NMFS SWR fishery managers, mandated for use in managing Calif.fishery to mitigate turtle by-catch

  22. Question… The high temporal and spatial resolution of satellite data, and its continuity, make satellite data an important tool for monitoring and characterizing marine ecosystems. Yet, the full potential of satellite data has not been realized within NMFS, or within fisheries science more generally. Why is satellite data underutilized within NMFS, and what can be done to take advantage of the wealth of information this data can provide?

  23. Some History 1996 Changing Oceans and Changing Fisheries: Environmental Data for Fisheries Research and Management workshop at PFEL (SWFSC). Establishment of FATE, “Fisheries and the Environment” Program. 2003 Building Environmentally Explicit Stock Assessmentsworkshop at Asilomar (sponsored by PFEL). 2005 Fisheries involvement in NOAA’s satellite R&O (Research & Operations) program led to the establishment of NMFS satellite working group 2006 Integrating Satellite Data Products into Ecosystem-Based Management of Living Marine Resources workshop at MBARI, jointly sponsored by NASA and NOAA

  24. Ten Years Ago… Changing Oceans and Changing Fisheries: Environmental Data for Fisheries Research and Management Workshop held at PFEL* July 16-18, 1996 Copies of the workshop report available here, and on the web at http://www.pfel.noaa.gov/events/workshops/env_data_1996 *now Environmental Research Division (ERD)

  25. Recommendations from 1996 workshop 48 specific recommendations 5 general themes: Develop base-line climatologies of important environmental parameters to be able to place current conditions in a historical context Apply new data technologies to fisheries Improve communication and expertise across disciplines, NOAA, and other agencies Demonstrate the benefits of applying environmental data in fisheries Improve data accessibility for fisheries scientists From 1996 workshop report, pgs 116-120

  26. NMFS R&O FY05 Funded Project Facilitate access to multiple satellite data sets to meet fisheries & IOOS needs Three primary results: • Establishment of internal NMFS-satellite working group • A series of informational seminars given at all 6 Fisheries Science Centers during the summer of 2005 (and continued into 2006…) • Access provided to global time-series of satellite-derived primary productivity, SSH and geostrophic currents via new Coastwatch West Coast Data Browser, the Oceanwatch Live Access Server (LAS) and by OPeNDAP technology at NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC/ERD

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