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Types of Computers & Computer Hardware

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware. Computer A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions. Hardware

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Types of Computers & Computer Hardware

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  1. Types of Computers & Computer Hardware

  2. Computer A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions. Hardware Includes the electronic and mechanical devices that process the data; refers to the computer as well as peripheral devices. Software A computer program that tells the computer how to perform particular tasks. Network Two or more computers and other devices that are connected, for the purpose of sharing data and programs. Peripheral devices Used to expand the computer’s input, output and storage capabilities. Basic Terminology

  3. Basic Terminology • Input • Whatever is put into a computer system. • Data • Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas. • Information • The results of the computer storing data as bits and bytes; the words, numbers, sounds, and graphics. • Output • Consists of the processing results produced by a computer. • Processing • Manipulation of the data in many ways. • Memory • Area of the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output. • Storage • Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing.

  4. Types of Computers

  5. Computer • A personal computer; designed to meet the computer needs of an individual. • Provides access to a wide variety of computing applications, such as word processing, photo editing, e-mail, and internet.

  6. Desktop Computer • A computer that fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet. • The CPU can be housed in either a vertical or a horizontal case. • Has separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) that are each plugged into the computer.

  7. Laptop Computer • A portable, compact computer that can run on an electrical wall outlet or a battery unit. • All components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) are in one compact unit. • Laptops are usually more expensive than a comparable desktop. • Sometimes called a Notebook.

  8. Supercomputer • A computer that was the fastest in the world at the time it was constructed. • Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for other computers. • Typical uses • Breaking codes • Modeling weather systems

  9. Mainframe • Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users. • Used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data that need to be reliable, secure, and centralized. • Usually housed in a closet sized cabinet.

  10. Server • Purpose is to “serve.” • A computer that has the purpose of supplying its users with data; usually through the use of a LAN (local area network).

  11. Handhelds • Cell Phones • Tablet Notebooks • Kindle Fire • Ipad • Ereaders (Nooks, Kindles) • Can be synchronized with a personal microcomputer as a backup.

  12. Computer Hardware

  13. System unit • Case that holds the power supply, storage devices, and the circuit boards (including the motherboard).

  14. CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Where the processing in a computer takes place, often called the brain of the computer.

  15. Input Devices • Units that gather information and transform that information it into a series of electronic signals for the computer.

  16. Keyboard • An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special function keys that act as the primary input device to the computer.

  17. Mouse • An input device that allows the user to manipulate objects on the screen by moving the device along the surface of a desk. • They can we wired or wireless.

  18. Output Devices • Devices that display, print, or transmit the results of processing from the computer’s memory.

  19. Monitor • Display device that forms an image by converting electrical signals from the computer into points of colored light on the screen. • Resolution • The density of the grid used to display or print text and graphics; the greater the horizontal and vertical density, the higher the resolution. • Pixels • The smallest unit in a graphic image; computer display devices use a matrix of pixels to display text and graphics.

  20. Printer • Output device that produces text or graphical images on paper.

  21. Sound Card • A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept audio input, play sound files, and produce audio output through speakers or headphones.

  22. Storage Devices • Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off. • Different forms • Hard disk • Flash drive or thumb drive • CD

  23. Modem • A device that sends and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines.

  24. Computer Performance& Storage Devices

  25. Computer Performance

  26. Boot Process • Sequence of events that occurs between the time you turn on a computer and the time that it becomes ready to accept commands. • Purposes • Runs a diagnostic test to make sure everything is working. • Loading the operating system, so the computer can carry out basic operations.

  27. 6 events of the boot process: • Power up • Start boot program • Power-on self-test • Identify peripheral devices • Load operating system • Check configuration and customization

  28. Circuits • The path from one component of a computer to another that data uses to travel. • Circuits run between • RAM and the microprocessor • RAM and various storage devices

  29. Silicon Chip • Silicon is melted sand. • What the circuits are embedded into to keep them together.

  30. Megahertz (mHz) • A measurement used to describe the speed of the system clock. • A megahertz is equal to one million cycles (or pulses) per second. • 1.3 GHz means that the microprocessor’s clock operates at a speed of 1.3 BILLION cycles per second.

  31. RAM “Random Access Memory” The ability of a storage device to go directly to a specific storage location without having to search sequentially from a beginning location. Very volatile Cannot hold data when the power is off. Looses all data when power is lost. ROM “Read only memory” Drives can read data from disks, but cannot store new data on them. One or more integrated circuits that contain permanent instructions that the computer uses during the boot process. RAM vs. ROM

  32. Binary Number System • A method for representing letters or numbers using only two digits, 0 and 1. • Bit • Each 0 or 1 • Byte • 8 bits • Also referred to as Base 2 Binary Code.

  33. Memory Measurements • Bit • Each 0 or 1 • Byte • 8 bits • Kilobyte • Approximately 1,000 bytes • Exactly 1,024 bytes • Megabyte • Approximately 1 million bytes • Exactly 1,048,576 bytes • Gigabyte • Approximately 1 billion bytes • Terabyte • Approximately 1 trillion bytes or 1024 gigabytes • Petabyte • 1024 Terabytes

  34. Storage Devices • Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off. • Medium/media • Location where data is stored.

  35. Hard Disk • Usually mounted inside the computer’s system unit. • Can store billions of characters of data. • Stated in forms of bytes: • Gigabytes, Terabytes or Petabytes

  36. USB or Flash Drive • A flash memory card that plugs into the computer's USB port. Small enough to hook onto a keychain, it emulates a small disk drive and allows data to be easily transferred from one machine to another.  • Also known as a "flash drive," "pen drive," "keychain drive," "key drive," "USB key," "USB stick" and "memory key," numerous brand names have also been coined such as Lexar's JumpDrive and Trek 2000 International's ThumbDrive. 

  37. Portable Hard drive • A disk drive that is plugged into an external port on a computer such as USB. • Typically used for backup, but also as secondary storage, such units rival internal drives in capacity. For laptops, the PC Card slot may be used to connect a cable to a full-size drive, or the hard disk may be contained entirely inside the PC Card.

  38. CD-ROM • “CD – Read Only Memory” • Also called CD-R • CD-Read • Storage device that uses laser technology to read data that is permanently stored on compact disks, cannot be used to write data to a disk.

  39. CD-RW • “CD-Read Write” • A storage device that reads data from CD’s and also can write data to CD’s. • Similar to a CD-ROM, but has the ability to write to CD.

  40. DVD-ROM • “Digital Video Disks – Read Only Memory” • Reads data from CD’s (audio and data) and DVD’s (data or movie) • Cannot be used to write data to a disk.

  41. Computer • Hardware • Software • Network • Peripheral devices • Input • Breaking codes • Modeling weather systems • Mainframe • Server • System unit • CPU • Input Devices • Data • Information • Output • Mouse • Sound Card • Output Devices • Monitor • Hard disk • Flash drive or thumb drive • CD • Printer • Processing • Memory • Storage • Microcomputer • Desktop • Supercomputer • Computer • CPU • Laptop Computer • portable • Laptops • Notebook • Keyboard

  42. Resources Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja. Computer Concepts. Boston: Course Technology - Thompson Learning, 2002.

  43. Resource Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja. Computer Concepts. Boston: Course Technology - Thompson Learning, 2002.

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