KICK OFF OF KCLAM

1. KICK OFF OF KCLAM Presented by Dr. Kap Lee University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND USA

2. Kap J. Lee DVM. MS. DACLAM • Diplomate, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine 1976. • Professor & Director, Center for Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

3. Laboratory Animal History • 300 BC “vivisection” • 1500-1700 physiology studies using live animals • 1879: D.E. Salmon, first vet (Salmonella) • 1915: S.D. Brimhall, VMD employed at Mayo Clinic

4. History of LaboratoryAnimal Medicine - USA • In 1945 NIH initiated a massive expansion of biomedical research • In 1950 Animal Care Panel (ALAS) formed -Developed the first standards for animal care and use • In 1957 the AVMA recognized ACLAM

5. Mice: TRANSGENICS Rats Rabbits Hamsters, guinea pigs, other rodents Dogs, cats, ferrets Pigs, sheep, cattle (calves) Fish (Medaka, zebrafish) Amphibians (Xenopus) Non-human primates Species Involved

6. A lot like private practice? • Animal care and diagnostics • Individual care and herd health • Clientele - pet owner vs. scientist

7. ACLAM History • The complete history of the college is not known. • American board of Laboratory animal Medicine was changed to American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. • The concept of the board was encouraged in the meeting in Atlantic city in 1948 or 1949.

8. ACLAM History Continued • History of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. • On Tuesday, November 28, 1950 Animal Care Panel (ACP) was born-Dora Hall of the University of Chicago – 75 people were attended. • The ACP name was changed to American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS).

9. ACLAM History Continued • The first exhibit on the subject of laboratory animal medicine was presented at the meetings in Boston in 1946-Gastrointestinal surgery. • The second presentation-1947 in Cincinnati – problems in bronchoscopy – Art work by Dr. Robert Litt.

10. ACLAM History Continued • These exhibits were a medium for visits with such men – Dr. Charles A Griffin of the NY State Dept. of Public Health and Dr. Benjamin D. Fremming at the U of Texas. • The visit gave recognition and encouragement to the development of this important new area of work.

11. ACLAM History Continued • In 1947 Dr. Robert Litt was named head of the experimental surgical facilities at U of Illinois Medical School. • 1948 Spring-meeting of researchers, Lab. Techs. Veterinarians and supervisors of animal quarters in the Chicago area was held at the U of Illinois. • Problems related to the care and management of Lab animals were discussed. Highlight of the meeting was a demonstration on intestinal anastomosis of dog by Dr. Litt – followed by discussions of Pre- and Post- operative management.

12. ACLAM History Continued • 1948 - Dr. Robert J Flynn, author of Parasites of Lab Animals, named as the supervisor of the Argonne Nation Laboratory Animal Facilities. • 1949 - Dr. William F. Schroader became the 5th Chicago institution to add a veterinarian to its staff to direct the management of animal facilities. • Dr. Lester Fisher, now Director of Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens. • Dr. Arthur Rosenberg – Northwestern University • Bennett J. Cohn – July 1049.

13. ACLAM History Continued • These institutions apparently believed that a veterinarian, because of his knowledge of the husbandry and diseases of domestic animals and pets and his interest in the well-being of animals, would be the best qualified for these appointments. • These 5 Chicago institutions, in the realization that animal facilities were becoming increasingly the responsibility of each institution rather than of each researcher, made professional appointments to cope with that responsibility.

14. ACLAM History Continued • Starting in the fall of 1949 Drs. Bond, Brew, Cohn, Flynn and Schroeder met once a month to discuss animal care problems. • Additional meetings were held on special occasions, such as when the late Dr. Carl Schlotthauer of the Mayo Foundation or Dr. W.T. S. Thorp, then Chief of the Laboratory Aids Branch of the National Institute of Health, came to Chicago.

15. ACLAM History Continued • All of these men recognized the need for more information about their work. • There were large areas where no information was available or where it was scattered and diffused. • For this reasons, it was believed that other institutions and individuals would be interested in meeting to exchange information pertaining to the care of laboratory animals.

16. ACLAM History Continued • There a Forum was planned – a panel – to bring together interested people. • On May 1950, the first letter of announcing the formation of the panel was distributed to USA and Canada – signed by the fir Chicago veterinarians – Drs. Bond, Brewer, Cohn, Flynn and Schroeder.

17. ACLAM History continued • June 23, 1951 – Ambassador Hotel, Atlantic City. • November 29-30, 1951 – Northwestern University, Thorne Hall. • Copies of this lists were being sent to each veterinarian on the list, the deans of Veterinary Schools and to the AVMA office. • Veterinarians wishing to be added to this list should communicate with Dr. W.T.S.Thorp, NIH, Bethesda 14, Maryland.

18. ACLAM History Continued • There is some mixing of the origin of the Animal Care Panel (now AALAS) and ACLAM but many of the same people were involved in the genesis of both organizations that cane into being at about the same time so it is included. ACLAM was an outgrowth of the ACP.

19. ACLAM History Continued • On February 18, 1957 the American Board of Laboratory Animal Medicine was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois as a not-for-profit organization. • The name of the organization was changed to the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine on August 24, 1961. The term “Fellow” was replaced by “Diplomate”. • The first official documents of the organization are from 1958.

20. ACLAM History Continued • There are a few letters that are pre-dated. One such letter is from Bob Flynn to Jules Cass dated Aug. 10, 1955 addressing Jules’ proposed question to be discussed at Veterinary Care of Laboratory Animal Committee. • The question posed was, “What methods can be employed to improve the training given to veterinary students in the care of laboratory animals?”

21. ACLAM History continued • There were three sub-questions. “Why is such training needed?” “What training is currently given?” and “What should be the future program?” • It was not until the AVMA mandated inclusion of some laboratory animal medicine in the curriculum as one of the requirements of accreditation that virtually anything was done.

22. ACLAM History Continued • AVMA Committee on Care of Laboratory Animals. • “This committee, recognizing that the degree of DVM is not sufficient to indicate proficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of laboratory animals, has proposed the establishment of a specialty board, Board of Veterinary Specialty in Laboratory Animal Medicine, with membership open initially to those veterinarians who have established a reputation and who have made contribution in the field of medicine. Further membership will be open to those individuals who in addition to possessing the usual moral, ethical and professional qualification, have made recognizable contributions toward improved diagnosis and control of laboratory animal disease and have an examination demonstrating their proficiency.” This is the first mention of an examination.

23. ACLAM History Continued • The committee proposed that the AVMA be requested to further encourage research in the diseases of laboratory animals by setting aside one of its fellowships for that purpose. • At this time the American Board of Veterinary pathologist was the only veterinary specialty board.

24. ACLAM History Continued • Pre-requisites for Board Examination: • Be a graduate of a Veterinary School recognized by AVMA. • Be a member of good standing of AVMA. • Have an MS or equivalent degree from a recognized institution and at least five (5) years of experience in laboratory animal medicine and have made a distinct contribution to the advancement of laboratory animal medicine.

25. ACLAM History Continued • Three (3) years of additional experience along with recognized accomplishments in laboratory animal medicine may be substituted for the advanced degree. • Submit to the Council with his/hers application a written statement containing all pertinent information necessary to enable the council members to judge the suitability of the candidate’s abilities, training and experience to undertake the board examination.

26. ACLAM History Continued • Associate Members will be notified that on or after 1966 no further Associate application will be processed and Associate Members who have not attained Diplomate status will be deleted from the rolls. Elimination of Associate Members was the stimulus behind the formation of ASLAP.

27. Lab Animal Veterinarian • High salary with faster growth than other specialties • Equal pay for men and women • Positions with responsibility and authority • Widely varied job duties • Opportunity to make positive impact

28. Diverse career opportunities • Clinical Veterinary Medicine • Research • Teaching and Training • Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine • Surgery • Administration

29. Current Demographics of Laboratory Animal Medicine • Active full-time LAM vets: <900 • Male 68%, Female 32% • 50:50 (Male: Female) for DVM grads of ‘80 and later • Advanced degree: 47% • ACLAM diplomates: 74%

30. Employment Opportunities • Employment opportunities exist in many areas: • Academia (medical schools, universities) • Industry (pharmaceutical, biotech companies) • Federal government • Uniformed Services • Self-employment as consultants

31. What Will I Be Paid?? • 1999 salary survey mean approx 100k annually • Traineeships 25-35k • Board eligible 55-85k • Recently board certified 60-100k • Consult fees $50-1000/hour • University/Corporate benefits package

32. What is the Job Market? • 70 jobs advertised summer (2000) • Public, private, government, military • Competitive market for qualified applicants • 1996 Futures trends analysis: Steady state job market?

33. How’s the job market? • Dogs & Cats Saved Veterinary Medicine after World II, • Mice and Rats will save Veterinary Medicine---- Future looks bright • S. Korea ---- Future Promising

34. Salaries? • Starting $70,000-$92,000 • Ave. in 1996 = $92,000 • Consulting to supplement • Residency Salaries • Start at $31,100

35. Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine Need You!

36. Biomedical Research Needs You! • Independent Research • great research career for veterinarians • Collaborative Research • Improving human and animal life • Teaching and Training • Animal Care • Refinement of Animal Models

37. Training Programs inLaboratory Animal Medicine • Conducted at academic and research institutions • 2-4 years in duration • Academic degrees (MS or Ph.D.) • ACLAM recognized programs

38. Where are these programs?

39. Size of program • 1-2 trainees • 10-12 trainees

40. Support? • Residency stipends-US Citizen Only • NIH scale starts at $31,100 • Compare with other residency stipends • Insurance • Travel money • Research funds • Loan deferment

41. Work Hard!

42. What are the Benefits? • Intellectually stimulating • Work with interesting people • Employee benefits • Reasonable/Flexible work hours • No Client Headaches and Less salesmanship required

43. What is the Downside?? • No client/pet interaction & feedback • Less hands on clinical/surgical • Public perception/Animal rights extremists • Euthanasia/Animal experimentation • Bureaucracy/Paperwork • Egos/Politics • Most positions near large metropolitan areas

44. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine • Officially AVMA recognized specialty • Founded in 1957 to: • encourage education, training and research in laboratory animal medicine • establish standards of training and experience • recognize qualified persons by certification exam • 660 current diplomates

45. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine • Officially AVMA recognized specialty • Founded in 1957 to: • encourage education, training and research in laboratory animal medicine • establish standards of training and experience • recognize qualified persons by certification exam • 660 current diplomates

46. ACLAM EXAMINATION ELIGIBILITY • Complete Formal training or Residency Program Recognized by ACLAM. • Six Years of Full Time Experience • Publish a First Author Original Article • License in some Country • ACLAM Practice in Licensed Country

47. Certification Examination • Laboratory Animal Biology-include Anatomy, Behavior, Genetics, Physiology, Reproduction, Etc • Lab Animal Resources Management • Lab Animal Medicine & Pathology • Animal Experimentation-Animal Model Anesthesia, Surgery, Research Methods Etc.

48. Hershey Medical School • Formal Training Program-Master in Laboratory Animal Medicine • Take Medical School Classes • Take Comparative Medicine Classes • Thesis • Post Doctoral Training---DVM Only

49. Summary • Opportunity to practice high quality medicine • Make real and substantial contributions to animal welfare • Work with a variety of species • Employed in a variety of settings • Research • Good salary, benefits, vacation

50. My Art