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Translation of Proper Names

Translation of Proper Names. Translation Methods of English Names. Transliteration （音译） Semantic translation （意译） Transliteration + semantic translation （音意结合） Paraphrase （阐释） Annotation ( 加注）. Principles of English-Chinese Translation. 1. Famous names , established versions

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Translation of Proper Names

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  1. Translation of Proper Names

  2. Translation Methods of English Names • Transliteration （音译） • Semantic translation （意译） • Transliteration + semantic translation（音意结合） • Paraphrase （阐释） • Annotation (加注）

  3. Principles of English-Chinese Translation • 1. Famous names , established versions • Leighton Stuart, John King Fairbank (07-91) • Percy Bysshe Shelley, Galilieo Galilei • 2. familiar names with standard versions • Solomon 所罗门， Steinbeck • 3. Gender Differences • Maria, Catherine

  4. Reference books: 辛华 《世界地名译名手册》（商务印书馆，1976） 《英语姓名译名手册》（商务印书馆 1983） 《固有名词发音词典》(English Pronouncing Dictionary of Proper Names)

  5. Translation of Chinese Names and Addressing Terms • Transliteration （音译） • Semantic translation （意译） • Transliteration + semantic translation（音意结合） • Paraphrase （阐释） • Annotation (加注）

  6. Chinese People’s Names • 姓 + 名 + 字 + 号（雅号，别号，绰号，诨号） • Surname, given name, courtesy name, pen-name, nickname • 姓贾，名化，字时飞，别号雨村者 • His name was Jia Hua, his courtesy name Shifei, and his pen-name Yucun. • 汉景帝阁下玄孙，姓刘，名备，字玄德 • He bore the dynastic patronym of Liu. His given name was Pei(prepared), his formal name Hsu-te (obscured Virtue) (Moss Robert)

  7. The general way of transliteration: transliteration • Chinese phonetic alphabet (1975,1978） • Wade –Giles System • 汉语拼音中的[ b ] 、[ d ] 、[g ]标成[p ] 、[ t ] 、[k ] , • [p ] 、[ t ] 、[ k ] 标成带送气符号的[ p’] 、[ t’] 、[ k’] , • 按照这个拼法, “台”不是[ tai ] 而是[ t’ai ] , “北”不是[ bei ] , 而是[pei ] • 台北[ Taipei ] 就成了“胎配”, • “王刚刚”和“王康康”也就成了一个人了。

  8. International situation: • 1966 年, “大不列颠国家图书馆率先决定停止使用 • 威妥玛氏音标编目, 改为用汉语拼音编目。 • 随后不久, 大多数欧洲国家的图书馆, 以及美国的各行政部门都效仿英国国家图书馆的做法。 • 美国地理名称理事会也开始用汉语拼音为中国地名注音。 • 美国国会图书馆(LC) 、计算机在线图书馆中 • 心(OCLC) 、研究型图书馆集团(RLG) 以及东亚 • 图书馆协会在1998 年正式开始筹划用汉语拼音来代 • 替威妥玛氏音标进行中文图书编目, 经过两年多的 • 论证、筹划, 决定把2000 年10 月1 日作为起始日, • 正式启动转换工程。

  9. Chinese phonetic alphabet • 诸葛亮 司马迁 • 姓 + 名 李子民 • LI Zimin，LI Zi-min，LI Zi-Min，Li Zi-min，Li Zi-Min、Li ,Zimin， • Li Zimin • 根据国家标准, 姓与名开头字母应大写, 复姓 • 连写, 双音节名连写, 无连接号, 每个音节加声调符号(对外的文件书刊可省略)。

  10. Problems: • “Song Qian” 是“宋谦”还是“宋琪安”, • Sun Yue 是“孙悦”还是“孙玉娥” • 在国际文献中使用缩写时, 容易损失一个汉字的信息。 • Wang Congyi (王从一) , 缩写时就变成了Wang C , 无形中使重名现象增多, 检索起来也增加了难度。

  11. The translation of people’s names • 音译法 意译法 半音半意法 • 阐释性翻译法 增加注释 • Pearl S. Buck Leighton Stuart • Gladys Yang James Endicott • Marigold, • 诸葛亮， 西马迁，

  12. Semantic translation • In literary work, it is more used. • 杨宪益译本 David Hawks • 贾宝玉 Chia Pao-yu Jia Bao Yu • 林黛玉 Lin Tai-yu Lin Daiyu • 袭人 Xi’ren Aroma • 王志良 Pervading Fragrance • 平儿 Patience • 鸳鸯 Loyalty • 王志良 Faithful Goose

  13. Semantic translation: • David Hawks 杨宪益译本 • 抱琴 Lutany • 司棋 Chess Siqi • 侍书 Scribe Daishu • 入画 Picture Ruhua

  14. 汉景帝阁下玄孙，姓刘，名备，字玄德 • A remote descendent of a son of the fourth Han Emperor, Highly Brilliance, he bore the dynastic patronym of Liu. His given name was Pei (Prepared), his formal name Hsu-te (Obscured Virtue)(Moss Robert) • 甄士隐 Chen Shi-yin (Homophone for “true facts concealed ）, 杨译

  15. 黛玉忙起身接见，贾母笑道：“你不认得他：他说我们这里有名的一个泼辣货，南京所谓“辣子” ，你只叫他 “凤辣子” 就是了。”黛玉正不知道何以称呼，众姊妹都忙告诉黛玉道：“这是琏二嫂子。”黛玉虽不曾识面，听见他母亲说过：大舅贾赦之子贾琏，娶的就是二舅母王氏的内侄女：自幼假充男儿教养，学名叫作王熙凤。黛玉忙陪笑见礼，以嫂称之。 • Tai-yu rose quickly to greet her. “You don’t know her yet.” The Lady Dowager chuckled, “ She is the terror of this house. In the south they’d call her Hot Pepper. Just call her Fiery Phoenix.”…Tai-yu lost no time in greeting her with a smile as “cousin”.

  16. Addressing terms 称谓语 • Addressing terms usually indicate relationship, status or occupations. It can be used as reference and addressing. • 汪老师，李主任，张师傅，黄局长，胡经理 • 陈大哥，李姐，王二嫂

  17. Translation of Addressing Terms • Pay attention to the cultural differences. • Representing the pragmatic functions. Naturalization • 张经理，我可以和您谈一下吗？ • 汪老师走进了教室。 • 老黄老了，人称黄老。

  18. Distinguish between the face-to-face addressing term and the reference term. • Omssion: • 见这位木匠师傅手艺精湛，我忍不住问：“师傅，您干这活多少年了。” • 我对出租车司机很不满，说道：“师傅，你能开慢点吗？” • 师傅，请问邮局怎么走？

  19. 有位老太太有两个女儿，一个……, 另一个……，一位老叟对她说：“老太太，您真有福气啊！” • An old lady had two daughters. One…, the other….An old man said to her: “ How blessed you are!”

  20. Paraphrasing • 祥林嫂，周瑞家的，

  21. Amplification • 王老汉进城卖瓜，结果却被市场管理员罚款了。 • 围着一张方桌坐了六个人，上面坐着他的继母周氏和姑母张太太，左边坐着张家的琴表姐和嫂嫂李瑞珏，下面坐着大哥觉新和妹妹淑华，右边的两个位子空着。 • 译文：Seated around a square table were six people. On the side farthest from the door-the seats of honor sat his step mother Madam Chou and his aunt—his father’s sister—Mrs. Chang. On the left side sat his cousin Chin—Mrs. Chang’s daughter—and Jui-chueh, wife of his eldest brother Chueh-hsin. On the near side sat Chueh-hisn and their younger sister Shu-hua. The two seats on the right side were vacant.

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