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Session 1- Ice core Nitrate data as proxy for SPE. Problems Resolved: NONE

Session 1- Ice core Nitrate data as proxy for SPE. Problems Resolved: NONE Premise: Time Association between historic large GLEs and NO(y) in polar ice. Problem: No standard model for rapid deposition of NO (y) into polar ice.

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Session 1- Ice core Nitrate data as proxy for SPE. Problems Resolved: NONE

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  1. Session 1- Ice core Nitrate data as proxy for SPE. Problems Resolved: NONE Premise: Time Association between historic large GLEs and NO(y) in polar ice. Problem: No standard model for rapid deposition of NO (y) into polar ice. Problem: No standard model for preservation of NO(y) in polar ice. Controversy: Wolff et al. could not find GISP-2 event dated as 1859 Response: The Wolff et al. data can not find any of the known large GLEs.

  2. VERY LARGE HIGH ENERGY SOLAR COSMIC RAY EVENTS DURING THE COSMIC RAY MEASUREMENT ERA G GGGGGG B BB Wolff and McConnell cannot resolve any of these events

  3. Assertion: All NO(y) events are result of biomass burning. Response: Some NO(y) events are associated with biomass burning.

  4. Complaint: Wolff et al. only looked for one event. We have a list of NO(y) events not associated with biomass burning. Look for these events with high temporal resolution data.

  5. Assertion: Need high temporal resolution data to resolve NO(y) events Wolff & McConnell data resolution is 3 months.

  6. Assertion: Need high temporal resolution data to resolve NO(y) events Wolff & McConnell data resolution is 3 months.

  7. Note that there are two distinct events in 1859. Wolff et al. cannot resolve these distinct events. Wolff et al. concentrated on the Carrington event and, to the best of our knowledge, did not investigate any other of the 70 impulsive NO(y) events in the McCracken table 1. The conductivity associated with this NO(y) enhancement is very large compared with the NO(y) amplitude This section of the Greenland ice is distant from outstanding volcano events and there are dating uncertainties.

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