Cell Membrane (Transport) Notes Cell Membrane and Cell Wall:

1. Cell Membrane (Transport) Notes Cell Membrane and Cell Wall: • ALLcells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids protein channel Layer 1 Cell Membrane Layer 2 lipid bilayer protein pump Cell Membrane Cell Wall • SOME cells have cell membranes andcell walls – ex: plants, fungi and bacteria

2. Cell Membranes • Cell Membrane Characteristics • Thin, flexible barrier • Regulate what enters and exits the cell • Provides protection and support for the cell • Made of Phospholipids (what type of Biomolecule??)

3. Function of the Cell Membrane: • Cell membrane separates the components of a cell from its environment—surrounds the cell • “Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell—selectively permeable • Cell membrane helps cells maintain homeostasis—stable internal balance

4. Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose – that cellulose is fiber in our diet • Bacteria and fungi also have cell walls, but they do not contain cellulose • Cell membranes and cell walls are porous allowing water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nutrients to pass through easily

5. Key Vocab Words • Solute • Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution • Solvent • Substance in which a solute is dissolved to make a solution • Solution • Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the two substances are evenly distributed.

6. Passive Transport A process that does not require energy to move molecules from a HIGH to LOWconcentration • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis

7. outside of cell inside of cell • Diffusion is the movement of small particles across a selectively permeablemembrane like thecell membrane until equilibrium is reached. These particles move from an area of high concentrationto an area of low concentration.

8. Diffusion HIGH to LOW concentration

9. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cellmembrane Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration. Semi-permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not to sugar

10. Extracellular Space Intracelluar Space

12. Hypertonic Solutions: contain a high concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel. Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffusesinto the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode. Isotonic Solutions: contain the same concentration of solute as another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the water diffusesinto and out of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the body cells is isotonic.

14. Interactive Red Blood Cell Click

15. Warm Up 9-25-13 • Answer the example problem below Hypertonic –vs- Hypotonic –vs- Isotonic in your notes!

16. Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped” Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large molecules to pass through Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein channels One type of substance can pass through Glucose molecules outside of cell inside of cell

17. Click

18. Active Transport • Active transport is transport across the cell membrane with the use of energy. • Diffusion across the membrane in the opposite direction • From a low concentration to a high concentration • Specific molecules travel through a transport protein or a pump

19. Active Transport Active transport is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration. Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient. Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps. Ex: Body cells must pump carbon dioxide out into the surrounding blood vessels to be carried to the lungs for exhale. Blood vessels are high in carbon dioxide compared to the cells, so energy is required to move the carbon dioxide across the cell membrane from LOW to HIGH concentration. outside of cell Carbon Dioxide molecules inside of cell

22. Endocytosis and Exocytosis is the mechanism by which very large molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and out of the cell • Type of Active Transport Food is moved into the cell by Endocytosis Wastes are moved out of the cell by Exocytosis

24. 2 types of Endocytosis • Phagocytosis • Extensions of the cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within the vacuole

25. Ex: White Blood Cells, which are part of the immune system, surround and engulf bacteria by endocytosis.

26. Pinocytosis • Pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell.

27. Exocytosis

28. Equilibrium • When the concentration of a solute is equal throughout the solution. • Once equilibrium has been reached, particles continue to move across the membrane in both directions maintaining the equilibrium of the solution.

29. Concentration • The mass of a solute in a given volume of a solution: solute (g) / solution (mL) • Ex: If you dissolve 12 g of Salt in 3 L of Water, the concentration would be 12g/3L  4g/L • Ex: If you dissolve 12 g of Salt in 6 L of Water, the concentration would be 12g/6L  2 g/L • The first solution is twice as concentrated as the second solution.

30. ENERGY NEEDED: Active Transport NO ENERGY NEEDED: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion ANALOGY: