Diseases and the Immune/Lymphatic System

1. Diseases and the Immune/Lymphatic System

2. Can you define these terms? • Infectious • Virus • Quarantine • Vaccine • Immunity

3. Look for clues that tell you about the movie's plot as you watch the following trailer. • Write down notes (include any references - either verbal or visual -- to the terms on the board) & any questions you have about the movie's subject matter. • IF YOU HAVE SEEN THE FILM ALREADY DO NOT GIVE IT ALL AWAY PLEASE

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sYSyuuLk5g

5. Please answer the following • What is this movie about? • What emotions did you feel as you watched? How did the characters, images, dialogue and background music contribute to your perceptions and feelings? • Which elements seemed realistic? Did anything strike you as having been dramatized for the sake of the story?

6. Can you define these terms? • Infectious: • Capable of spreading disease. Also known as communicable. • Virus: • A tiny organism that multiplies within cells and causes disease such as chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis and hepatitis. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics, the drugs used to kill bacteria. • Quarantine: • The isolation of a person or animal who has a disease (or is suspected of having a disease) in order to prevent further spread of the disease.

7. Vaccine: • A product that produces immunity therefore protecting the body from the disease. Vaccines are administered through needle injections, by mouth and by aerosol. • Immunity: • Protection against a disease. There are two types of immunity, passive and active. Immunity is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the blood and can usually be determined with a laboratory test.

8. Next we will watch the entire PG-13 movie. • Please fill in the work sheet while the movie is playing. We will review it at the end. • There will be Analysis Questions about the movie, the scenario and the validity/probability of this movie. • Enjoy!

9. Review the questions at the end of the worksheet

10. 2/27/14 • 1. finish the movie • 2. answer the analysis questions for in-class discussion • HW: read “the cough that started a movie” w/ analysis questions • HW: “media’s tool kit” w/ analysis questions • Please go to the HW website to read the articles 

11. 3/3/2014 • HW out to be checked in • Class discussion of “the cough…” article • Zoonosis fun! • Class discussion “media tool kit…” article • Media’s role • Ted talk? • HW: Wp #1

12. Side Bar: Vomiting Larry • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmy8x2Lm7rE

13. Vocabulary you need to know • Epidemic: A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time: "a flu epidemic" • Outbreak: describe an occurrence of disease greater than would otherwise be expected at a particular time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. • Pandemic: Prevalent over a whole country or the world

14. Epidemiology= disease tracker • Patient Zero: Patient Zero–or the index case as it’s clinically known–refers to the first person who shows documented symptoms of the disease. • So, why do the infectious disease experts trip over themselves to find Patient Zero? Why don’t they just deal with the cases at hand?

15. 2 reasons • 1. better their chances of controlling and dampening the outbreak. By determining exactly where Patient Zero travelled and who they came into contact with, epidemiologists are often able to track the spread of an infectious disease, and undertake procedures to isolate and treat the people who might be carriers. • If this is done early enough, the outbreak can be artificially “shutdown” before it runs its natural devastating course. It really is a race against time.

16. 2. By identifying Patient Zero, epidemiologists have a strong chance of locating the exact place where the first infection happened which can often lead to the identification of the source of the virus, which then allows for preventative steps to be taken to stop future epidemics.

17. This story introduces the importance of ZOONOSES. (singular: zoonosis) Definition: “A zoonosis is any disease and/or infection which is naturally transmissible from animals to people." Can you think of any zoonotic diseases in the news these days? (Mad Cow, Influenza, West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease, SARS)

18. Usually, changes in viral antigens are small. The illness these “antigenic drift” variants produce is annoying, but not usually life-threatening. But now and then a major change in antigens occurs. These “antigenic shifts” can produce devastating results -- lethal, global epidemics. The most serious occurred during World War I; It killed 675,000 Americans and between 20 and 50 million people worldwide. That’s more than all the wars of the 20th century put together.

19. What’s the quick summary so far? The 1918 flu virus appears to have jumped, directly, from birds to humans. That jump, exceptional virulence, and the ability to be spread from human to human appear to be dependent on a relatively small number of changes in the avian flu genome. Certain constantly evolving strains of the current H5N1 avian flu strains have already accumulated 5 of an estimated 10 mutations related to human-human infectivity.

20. What happened? Can it happen again? The answers relate to the nature of influenza as an evolving zoonosis -- and a phenomenon we could call “viral sex.”

22. What do the HIV epidemic and major flu outbreaks have in common? Human activity alters the ecology of a zoonosis in ways that encourage the spread of pathogens between species, across human populations, within populations of other species, or some combination of the above. Meanwhile, the pathogens evolve in ways that increase their fitness under new conditions.

23. These and other changes in “human ecology” are driving the emergence and spread of an entire crop of diseases unknown just a few years ago.

24. How Does Seasonal Flu Differ From Pandemic Flu? U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

25. TED talk…virus hunter • http://www.ted.com/talks/nathan_wolfe_hunts_for_the_next_aids.html

26. Media’s Role • Health Map: http://healthmap.org/en/ • Outbreaks near me: http://www.healthmap.org/local/ • CDC Flu Trends • Google flu trends • Local Disease Mini-presentations! • HW: Wp #1- nonspecific defense of your body!