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Energy processes in the production of groundnuts

Energy processes in the production of groundnuts. Group 4 Project Jamnagar. Theme. Investigating energy transfers and efficiency in the cultivation of natural and hybrid species of groundnuts. Overall view on energy transfers. Kinetic energy + Chemical energy (water pump & tractor)

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Energy processes in the production of groundnuts

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  1. Energy processes in the production of groundnuts Group 4 Project Jamnagar

  2. Theme Investigating energy transfers and efficiency in the cultivation of natural and hybrid species of groundnuts.

  3. Overall view on energy transfers Kinetic energy + Chemical energy (water pump & tractor) Thermal energy + Chemical energy (groundnut oil) Chemical energy (nutrients)

  4. Physics

  5. The machinery We decided to investigate two machines used in the cultivation of groundnuts, a water pump and a tractor. We decided to find the efficiency of these two machines using simple physics. Physics Aim: Calculating the energy efficiency of mechanical equipment utilized in cultivation of natural and genetically enhanced groundnuts

  6. Background information The Water Pump A water pump is used to pump water from deep underground up to the surface of the earth, which is then used for the irrigation of various crops. At the site, we gathered that two such water pumps were in use.

  7. The physics of the water pump

  8. The physics of the water pump • Data collected • Power input (Electrical power) • Rate of water flow • Radius of pipe • Height of well • Mass and volume of water (used for density)

  9. The physics of the water pump • Equations used • Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) = mgh • Kinetic Energy (KE) = ½mv2 • Mass flow = Rate of water flow x Density • Density = Mass/Volume • Power = Work Done/Time

  10. The physics of the water pump Power input = 10500 W Power output = 1680 W Efficiency of water pump = 16%

  11. Background information The Tractor A tractor is a motor vehicle that is used mainly off the highway on fields, forests etc. At the site, we gathered that one tractor was in use.

  12. The physics of the tractor

  13. The physics of the tractor • Data collected • Average tractor speed on the field • Dimensions of the field • Power of the tractor engine • Mileage

  14. The physics of the tractor • Secondary Data used • Conversion factor of horsepower to watts • Enthalpy of Combustion of Diesel • Density of Diesel

  15. The physics of the tractor • Equations used • 1 Horsepower = 746 Watts • Power = Force x Velocity • Work Done = Force x Distance

  16. Chemistry

  17. The physics of the tractor Energy input = 300 MJ Energy output = 6 MJ Efficiency of the tractor= 2% Note: The energy was calculated over the area of 1600 m2

  18. Groundnut Oil We decided to investigate the difference in the heat given out by the two breeds of groundnuts cultivated, the natural and the genetically enhanced. Chemistry Aim: Calculating the enthalpy of combustion of the natural and the genetically enhanced groundnuts.

  19. Background information In the fields, farmers cultivate different species of groundnuts, namely: G-2, G-11 and G-20. Out of these, G -2 and G-20 are natural and are both used for eating as well as extracting cooking oil. G-11 is the hybrid species, mainly used for extracting cooking oil.

  20. Groundnut Oil • Data collected • Mass of groundnuts • Heat given out by groundnuts • Volume of water heated • Temperature rise in the water

  21. Formulae used Heat given out by groundnut: • Mass of water x specific heat capacity x temperature rise (m . c . ∆t) Heat given out per gram: • (mc∆t) / mass of groundnut

  22. Processed Data G - 20 Average value: 3999.4 J/g

  23. Processed Data G - 2 Average value: 4493.6 J/g

  24. Processed Data G - 11 Average value: 5780 J/g

  25. Graphical Illustration It was calculated that the hybrid (G 11) was 45% more efficient than G 20, and 29% more than G2.

  26. Biology

  27. Groundnut Cultivation Biology Aim – to determine a sample size and investigate the production of different kinds of groundnuts by calculating energy content of a field, taking the soil and energy content into consideration.

  28. Factors investigated • Soil – Divided into Uncultivated and cultivated soil i) pH ii) Nitrate concentration • Yield per square meter • Total energy produced

  29. pH of the soil

  30. Nitrate Concentration

  31. Yield per square metre • This was found out using secondary information which was obtained by asking the near by local farmers • In densely cultivated areas of the field – 12 kg per square metre • In areas of the field with a lower concentration of plants – 16 kg per square metre • Average per square meter – 14 kg

  32. Total Energy produced in a field • Formula used area of field x average yield per square meter x energy released by 1 gram of G2 groundnuts • As this field (32000 m2)only produced the G2 variety of groundnuts, the energy generated cannot be generalized to the other groundnuts.

  33. Energy content of field • Calculation = 32000 m2 x 4493.6 J/Kg x 14 Kg/m2 = 2013132800 J

  34. Analysis • Large amount of energy generated in one field • Different areas of the field have a similar pH • The nitrate concentration of the field differs according to the type of soil • Grows in an alkaline medium

  35. Environmental Systems

  36. Effects on the surroundings Environmental Systems Aim: Investigate the impact of G11 hybrid groundnuts on the environment and the people of the village

  37. Method • Location: Padana Village • Interviews of farmers and experts were taken

  38. Questions • Why do they grow G11 hybrid groundnuts? • What are the impacts of it on the soil? • Does it cost more now of before? • Do they make profits now of before? • What are the environmental impacts of using hybrid groundnuts (G-11)? • What fertilizers do you use? • What is the gestation period? • What is the area of the field?

  39. Results • G-11hybrid groundnuts have higher yield and are more economically viable • Does not affect the soil • It costs more now • Profits are increased now • Does not effect the environment at all • Gobar fertilizers are used • 4 months gestation period • 8 acres of land in the field

  40. Analysis • G-11 hybrid groundnuts do not affect the soil of the environment. • The hybrid does not affect the people • The hybrid higher yield compared to G20 and G2

  41. Overall Conclusion & Evaluation

  42. Physics- the energy efficiency of the tractors and the water pumps are relatively low for their respective energy inputs. Chemistry –the hybrid species of groundnuts cultivated release a larger amount of energy per gram as compared to the natural species. Biology – the characteristics of the soil used to cultivate groundnuts reflects the current farming practices well, as the alkaline pH value leads to an extensive use of fertilisers.

  43. Group Members • Shardul Chaturvedi (EVS) • Hans Kapadia (Biology, Chemistry) • AditiMody (Biology) • Adwait Mane (Physics, Chemistry) • ParthDoshi (Physics, Chemistry) • Nikita Sehgal (Physics, Chemistry) • Kahini Parekh (Chemistry) • AnushkaSuri (Chemistry) • JayeshHariharan (Physics) • Owais Gore (Physics)

  44. Acknowledgements • Mr. NishanthNagavar • Mr. BipulPande • Mr. NarendraShetty • Mr. BriagDupont • Mr. SharadGulhane • Mr. AbhimanyuBasu • Mr. Gerard Coleman • Mr. Conrad Mendonca

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