Investigating people at work - Lesson 9

1. Investigating people at work - Lesson 9 Motivation Theories Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

2. Lesson Objectives • In this lesson we will • Consider motivation other than from a financial viewpoint • Look at the motivation theories propounded by • Maslow • Herzberg • McGregor Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

3. What is Motivation? • In the last lesson we looked at financial and non-financial rewards that going to work provides • These are only part of the reason why people work • They go to work, and perhaps build a career, because they want to satisfy specific NEEDS Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

4. What is Motivation? • Motivation is the strength of commitment that individuals have to what they are doing • A number of theories have evolved to help understand what motivates people in the work situation. We will look at 3 of these:- • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Herzberg’s Theory of Motivators & Dissatisfiers • McGregor’s Theory X versus Theory Y Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

5. Maslow classified human needs and then considered how the classes related to each other Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self fulfilment needs Self-esteem needs Group needs Security needs Basic needs Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

6. Basic needs Required for survival – food, shelter, clothing e.g. receipt of minimum wage Security needs Safety, rest periods, sickness schemes Group needs Sense of belonging – can be problem in large organisations – managers need to form teams to recognise group needs Self- esteem needs Recognition as individuals Praised for work Efforts and rewards Self-fulfillment Full personal development Individual creativity Full use of talents and abilities MASLOW ARGUED THAT WHILST LOWER LEVEL NEEDS MUST BE MET, HIGHER LEVEL EQUALLY ESSENTIAL TO REALISE FULL POTENTIAL AND AVOID CAREER FRUSTRATION Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

7. Herzberg’s Theory of Motivators and Dissatisfiers (1) • Hertzberg identified 9 factors he called ‘dissatisfiers’ which could cause absenteeism, low production, dislike of change and other negative actions at work Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

8. Herzberg’s Theory of Motivators and Dissatisfiers (2) • The ‘dissatisfiers were:- • Fluctuating company policy & admin • Low pay • Poor working conditions • Confrontational relationships • Unfriendly relationships • Unfair management • Unfair treatment of employees • Feeling inadequate • No individual development Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

9. Herzberg’s Theory of Motivators and Dissatisfiers (3) • The ‘satisfiers’ were:- • Recognition of effort and performance • Job that provides enough challenges • Sense of achievement • Assumption of responsibility • Chance of promotion Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

10. McGregor’s Theory X versus Theory Y • McGregor divided managers into 2 types • Theory X Theory Y Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

11. Theory X Managers • They take the view that • People don’t really like work and avoid it if possible, so they need incentives for company to achieve aims • People need to be pushed, threatened and driven to get things done • People like to be told what to do, avoid responsibility and lack ambition; they thus need to be ‘managed’ Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

12. They on the other hand think Work is a natural activity which people enjoy, so management must create right conditions Employees who identify with organisation’s will be motivated to work hard One way to do this is self-fulfillment (Maslow) – management should provide ways to do this Given the opportunity, people learn to accept and seek responsibility People will contribute to organisation’s objectives if they are able to People’s full potential is rarely reached in the workplace environment Theory Y Managers Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

13. Activity • Read through the detailed slides about the 3 motivation theories • Think about your own life experiences both at school, work and other organisations, for example sports and other clubs you might have been involved with • Write about instances where you felt motivated or the opposite Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories

14. Lesson Objectives Revisited • In this lesson we • Considered motivation other than from a financial viewpoint • Looked at the motivation theories propounded by • Maslow • Herzberg • McGregor Investigating People Lesson 9 - Motivation Theories