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Static and Current Electricity

Static and Current Electricity. Electrodynamics the study of electrical charges in motion. Electrostatics the study of electrical charges at rest. Two opposite types of charge exist, named positive and negative by Benjamin Franklin in 1750. Charge is a property of matter.

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Static and Current Electricity

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  1. Static and Current Electricity

  2. Electrodynamics the study of electrical charges in motion Electrostatics the study of electrical charges at rest Two oppositetypes of charge exist, named positive and negative by Benjamin Franklinin 1750. Charge is a property of matter.

  3. Charged particlesexist in atoms. Electronsare responsible for negative charge; protons for positive charge; neutrons have no charge. Small amounts of ordinary matter contain incredible amounts of subatomic particles!

  4. Conductor material that allows charges to move about easily link Insulator material through which charges will not easily move link Basic Law of Electrostatics opposite charges attract; Like charges repel Link

  5. Click here to view a simulation of the behavior of pith balls in the vicinity of charged rods.

  6. Click hereto read about charging objects by friction. View a simulation of charging a balloon by rubbing it on your hair and then sticking it to a neutral wall here.

  7. charging a rod and electroscope positively and negatively by conductionand induction When charging by conduction, the rod touches the electroscope. The electroscope gets thesame chargeas the rod. When charging by induction, the roddoes not touchthe electroscope. The electroscope gets theopposite chargeof the rod.

  8. Go hereto view simulations of charging an electroscope.

  9. COULOMB’S LAW The force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to their separation distance squared. link1

  10. In equation form: q1 q2 = F k d2 F is the force of attraction, measured in newtons, between charges q1 and q2 k is the Universal Electrostatic Constant, equal to 9.00 x 109 Nm2/C2 q1 and q2 are the attracting charges, measured in coulombs d is the distance between the charges, and is measured in meters

  11. The SI unit of charge is the coulomb, named in honor of Charles Augustin Coulomb. 1 C = charge on 6.25 x 1018 electrons (or protons) 1 e- = 1.60 x 10-19C = elementary charge Electric force is a vector and must be treated as such.

  12. Example Problem • What is the force on a +2.3 μC charge that lies 3.7 m to the left of a -5.1 μC charge? • Given • q1 = +2.3 μC = +2.3 x 10-6 C d = 3.7 m • q2 = -5.1 μC = -5.1 x 10-6 C k = 9 x109 N*m2/C2 • F = ? • B.E. • F = kq1q2/d2 • W.E. • F = (9 x109 N*m2/C2)*(+2.3 x 10-6 C)*(-5.1 x 10-6 C) (3.7 m)2 • Answer • F = -0.0077 N • (“-” means attraction)

  13. Example Problem • How far is a +4.5 mC from a -8.2 mC if there is a force of 13 N between them? • Given • q1 = +4.5 mC = +4.5 x 10-3 C d = ? • q2 = -8.2 mC = -8.2 x 10-3 C k = 9 x109 N*m2/C2 • F = 13 N • B.E. • F = kq1q2/d2 • W.E. • 13 N = (9 x109 N*m2/C2)*(+4.5 x 10-3 C)*(-8.2 x 10-3 C) d2 • Multiply both sides by d2, then divide both sides by 13 N, then take the square root • Answer • d = 160 m

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