Aim: How did the Industrial Revolution create a greater divide between the North and South?

1. Aim: How did the Industrial Revolution create a greater divide between the North and South? Do Now: Read the Ch.7, sect.1 summary and watch Unit 4 video Homework: Read Ch.7, sect.2 answer ques. #s 3 and 4 Date: 10/27/10

2. What was the Industrial Revolution? • Industrial Revolution- social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large scale factories developed • Eli Whitney introduces the idea of interchangeable parts building muskets • Leads to mass production – the production of goods in large quantities • Development of the Factory System- use of power driven machinery for production • What effect do you think the cotton gin would have on slaves? Model of cotton gin

3. Slavery & Production: A Direct Relation • What is the relationship between slave production and cotton production? • The U.S. imported the same amount of slaves from 1776-1808 (32 years) that they imported from 1619-1776 (157 years) • So what was the overall effect of the cotton gin on slavery??? • Slavery increased b/c of cotton gin

4. Where do we put the factories? • After the revolution, America relied on international trade for income • Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807 & the War of 1812 turned American attention towards developing domestic industries. • Why do you suppose this occurred?? • What location in the U.S. would be the most obvious choice for factory building??? Why was this so???

5. Two Economic Systems Develop Southern Economy Invention of Cotton Gin generates agricultural boom in South Increase in size of plantations Increased need for slaves in these areas Northern Economy: • Relied heavily on factories and manufacturing • Small agricultural production • Did not require slaves • Slavery abolished in northern states by 1804

6. Aim: How did the Industrial Revolution create a greater divide between the North and South? (cont.) • Do Now: Finish working on problem from yesterday. Write down your solutions. • Homework: None • Date: 10/28/10

7. Can We Solve the Problems of Separation in America? • Problem:America is going through a period of great uncertainty. The Industrial Revolution has lead to a major economic and social separation between northern and southern states. • Objective:Together, with your group develop a plan of action to unify America focusing mainly on economic issues. • Task: • 1)Create a plan to link the agricultural economy of the south and the industrial economy of the north. How can we unify these two economies to benefit America as a whole? • 2) Focus on taxes of imported and exported goods. How can this effect your newly united economic system? • 3) How can we ensure that our currency is worth the same in both northern and southern states?

8. The American System • A plan of economic self-sufficiency in America • The plan included: • 1) developing transportation systems between states (railroads) • 2) establishing protective tariffs • 3) Resurrecting the national bank • National Roadfrom Maryland to Illinois • Erie canal-connected the great lakes to the Atlantic ocean

9. The Erie Canal • What do you know about the Erie Canal? • Opened in 1825 • Only 4 feet deep but 363 miles long • Greatly increased trade from NYC to rest of country • Made NYC countries largest port

10. Tariffs and the National Bank • Tariffs on imported goods would surge consumption of American products-The Tariff of 1816 • Second Bank of the United States- created common currency so states could easily do business with one another • Which political party would not like this? Second Bank of the U.S.- Washington D.C.

11. Aim Revisited: How did the Industrial Revolution create a greater divide between the North and South? • Industrial Revolution brings factory system, interchangeable parts and mass production to U.S. • North rapidly industrializes while South remains agricultural • Cotton gin brings more slaves to U.S. • The American System plan attempts to solve US regional differences

12. Aim: How did nationalism influence America in the early 1800’s? • Do Now: What was the “American system” and how could it have increased a feeling of nationalism? • Homework: Read Ch.7, sec.3 answer ques. #3 and #4 • Date: 11/1/10

13. The Monroe Doctrine • 1815- European nations (Spain, Portugal, Russia) wanted to re-establish colonies in the western hemisphere • How might this affect the U.S.? What might be some possible repercussions? • 1823- Monroe says any attempt to create new colonies or interfere in U.S. business will be considered a threat. • He also says the U.S. will adhere to the same rules • In your own words what is Monroe saying? • How do these foreign policies serve national interests? • What issues might arise as we begin to move west? President James Monroe

14. The Missouri Compromise • How many slave states? How many free? • Balance of free and slave states threatened • Maine admitted as free state, Missouri a slave state • Any territory north of the 36/30 line, slavery was banned- except Mis. • Any territory south, slavery was legal

15. Supreme Court increases Federal Power • Rd. the document “McCulloch Vs. Maryland” and “Gibbons v Ogden” and answer the following questions for both: • 1) State the issues before the Supreme Court in this case. • 2) What was the decision of the court and what was the rationale behind it? • 3) What do you think would be the overall effect of the decision?

16. Supreme Court Flexes Muscles • Gibbons Vs. Ogden • Ogden has monopoly on steamboat route that crosses state lines • Is Ogden’s monopoly legal? Why? • Helped ensure fed. Govt. has the power to regulate everything that crosses state lines • How does this translate into modern times? What does the federal govt. control? McCulloch Vs. Maryland Maryland places heavy tax on local branch of the National Bank Is this constitutional? Why or why not? Supreme court decides that states could not overturn laws passed by congress How does this strengthen the power of nationalism in America?

17. AimRevisited:How did nationalism influence America in the early 1800’s? • Federal government increases its power with Gibbons vs. Ogden and McCulloch vs. Maryland Supreme Court cases • Monroe Doctrine warns Europeans to stay off N. American continent and we will stay out of Europe • Missouri Compromise debates slavery issue as Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine as free state

18. Aim: How does Andrew Jackson’s presidency impact America? • Do Now: Election Day discussion: Would you have voted the other day if you could? • Homework: Read Ch. 7, sect.4 and answer ques. #3 and #4 • Date: 11/4/10

19. Andrew Jackson- “The People’s President” Q: If voting qualifications of owning land decreased how must a candidate respond? A: Appeal to common people • Jackson portrayed himself as a humble, average man- actually wealthy plantation owner • Founder of modern day Democratic party • Opponents = elitist Can we compare him to any modern day politicians? President Andrew Jackson

20. Jackson’s “Spoils System” • Jackson removed old officials from gov’t positions and replaced them with his friends and loyal “Jacksonians” • This was known as the “Spoils System” • Is this a good idea or bad idea? Why? Jackson Square New Orleans, Louisiana

21. Tariffs Bring Disagreement • 3 separate tariffs help US manufacturing • Jackson’s V.P. John Calhoun (from S. Carolina) says tariffs help North but hurt South. • Calhoun convinces S. Carolina to declare tariff null and void • Is this legal? • Henry Clay compromises with tariff that gradually lowers over 10 yrs. John Calhoun

22. Jackson vs. Bank of US • “The Bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it!” -President Jackson • Jackson hated Bank of U.S. because • Taxpayer funded but profits given to elite stockholders • Congressmen got loans from Bank at better interest rates than average person • Was his hatred valid? • 1832 Jackson vetoes re-charter of Bank of U.S. • Whig party forms in protest • What is this cartoon saying?

23. Jackson’s Bank War Backfires • With Bank of U.S. gone tax money went to state banks • These banks were printing worthless money leads to Bank Panic of 1837 • What do you think a Bank Panic is? • Jackson’s successor Martin Van Buren-President during this time loses re-election as result

24. Aim Revisited: How does Andrew Jackson’s presidency impact America? • Jackson elected in 1828 as “people’s president” • Used Spoils System to hire political friends • Conflicts with VP Calhoun on tariffs • Wages war on Bank of US which destroys economy

25. Aim: What affect did Jackson’s presidency have on Native Americans? Do Now: What does it mean to assimilate into a culture? Is total assimilation necessary in the U.S.? Homework: Read Ch.8, sect.1 and answer ques. #2 and #3 Date: 11/5/10

26. Jackson and the Native Americans • Jackson believed that natives could not assimilate • American miners wanted Native land • Indian Removal Act of 1830-the gov’t. would negotiate treaties with native tribes to relocate them out west • Cherokee tribe tries to fight the Act in court but eventually give up How does this contradict the image Jackson tried to portray of himself? What problems might occur from this?

27. Cherokee Nation’s Last Effort • What were the reasons the Cherokee gave for staying in their homeland? • What else could the Cherokee have done? Read the document “Cherokee Nation’s Appeal to the American People” and answer the following questions…

28. Trail of Tears • About 75,000 Natives forced to move 800 miles • Those who disagreed were forcibly moved • More than ¼ of Cherokee population died en route to new western territories • Choose a character in the painting, imagining you are them, write a sentence or 2 about what they are feeling or thinking? “Children cry and many men cry, and all look sad like when friends die, but they say nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West. Many days pass and people die very much.” - From the Heart

29. “Should I stay or should I go?” • Read the Point/Counterpoint document on the Indian Removal Act • Working in a group… • State the strongest point made against the Act • State the strongest point made for the Act • Create a solution of how to deal with the Natives that would make some sort of compromise

30. Aim Revisited: What affect did Jackson’s presidency have on Native Americans? • President Jackson and Congress pass Indian Removal Act to relocate Native tribes from the South to the West • Cherokee nation appeals the decision but gets nowhere • 75,000 Natives forced to move 800 miles west of their homelands • Many Natives die in what becomes known as Trail of Tears

31. Aim: How did Religion bring reform to American life? • Do Now: How does religion affect American society? • Homework: Read Ch.8, sect. 2 and answer ques. #2 and #3. • Date: 11/8/10

32. Religious Reform Sparks a Change • The Second Great Awakening • Emphasized individual responsibility for seeking salvation • People can improve themselves and society • Revivalsperformed to awaken faith through preaching and prayer • Affected African Americans greatly- belief that all people belonged to the same God • Is there a modern day equivalent to this? Charles Finney “The Father of Modern Revivalism”

33. Religion and Literature • Writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau- personal salvation could be achieved through simple living and connecting to nature- transcendentalism • Thoreau practiced civil disobedience to protest U.S. government’s practices of slavery and war with Mexico • Who were some other well known preachers of civil disobedience? Asher Durand: Hudson River school

34. How might paintings like this reflect transcendentalist religious beliefs? • Thomas Cole • Write down some words or phrases that come to mind after looking at this painting.

35. Write down some words or phrases • that come to mind after looking at • this painting. Albert Bierstadt

36. Religious Reform: Hospitals, Schools, Prison • In your opinion what should be done with mentally ill people? • Dorothea Dix created hospitals for mentally ill rather than imprisoning them in poor conditions • Reform of the sick or imprisoned is possible • Horace Mann helped create public schools in Massachusetts • “If we do not prepare children to become good citizens…if we do not enrich their minds with knowledge, then our republic must go down to destruction, as others have gone before it.” • Previous schools- one room schoolhouses children only attended until 10. • Public outcry from wealthy and German immigrants against public schools • Why would these groups oppose public education? • Compulsory education mostly in north not in south, why?

37. Read the document entitled, “Dorothea Dix’s Plea on Behalf of the Mentally Ill.” • Answer the following questions… • What were some of the conditions that Dix noted about how the mentally ill lived. • Which examples would have helped her make her case?

38. Aim Revisited: How did Religion bring reform to American life? • 2nd Great Awakening was religious revival that attempted to change societal problems • Transcendental writers and artists tried to emphasize salvation through nature • Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann reformed schools, hospitals, prisons

39. Aim: What were the ideas of the Abolition movement? • Do Now: Imagine yourself as a slave in the 1800s, what are your thoughts/feelings? • Homework: Read Ch.8, sect. 3 and answer ques. #3 and #4 • Date: 11/9/10

40. Life Under Slavery • Slavery doubled in South between 1810-1830 (1.2 mil.-2 mil.) • Majority of slaves born here and spoke English • Slaves worked fields all day under harsh command • Small minority worked in cities as artisans/craftsmen • What can you learn from the picture of the slave woman here?

41. Abolitionists have Differing Ideas • Abolition- call to outlaw slavery • William Lloyd Garrison- radical white abolitionist • Started “The Liberator”- newspaper that preached immediate freedom for blacks • Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society • How do you suppose Garrison was viewed across America by both blacks and whites? “I will be harsh as truth, and uncompromising as justice…I will not excuse… I will not regret a single inch- AND I WILL BE HEARD!”- William Lloyd Garrison

42. Frederick Douglas • Born into slavery and educated by master’s wife • Escaped to New York • Became friends with Garrison and a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society • Believed abolition could occur through non-violent political actions • Started his own paper “The North Star” in 1847 “I appear before you as a thief and robber…I stole this head, these limbs, this body from my master and ran off with them.”

43. Class Debate • With a group choose the position in the abolition debate you agree with… William Lloyd Garrison’s or Frederick Douglas’. • Think about and discuss the following talking points before writing a few sentences on what your opinion is then be ready to share with the class. • Frederick Douglas • An educated lecturer on the abolitionist cause for 50 yrs., believed in non-violence to achieve emancipation • Believed non-violence would win public sympathy and support for the cause • Protested segregation laws in trains by sitting in “white” seats • Advocated for women’s rights as well • Acted as model for African Americans by changing name of newspaper to “Frederick Douglas’ Paper • William Lloyd Garrison • Uncompromising in belief that • emancipation should be total • and immediate • Criticized churches and U.S. • Gov’t for failing to abolish slavery • Associated with black abolitionist David Walker • who felt slaves unwilling to fight for freedom • deserved slavery • Thought violent uprisings were acceptable in • gaining emancipation

44. Rebellions and Reactions • Nat Turner-led a failed rebellion of nearly 80 slaves attacking 4 plantations and killing 60 white people • Other rebellions in 1800, 1811, 1822, 1831 and countless smaller ones failed • Slave Codes- laws passed by state legislatures to tighten the control on African Americans • Abolitionists push even harder-eventually leading to violence

45. Aim Revisited: What were the ideas of the Abolition movement? • Slave life begins to change as slavery increases and many are born here • Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass take differing positions on abolishing slavery • Nat Turner leads famous rebellion that fails like others

46. Aim: How did the reform movement include women’s rights? • Do Now:Why do you think that many of the people who fought for abolition also fought for women’s rights? • Homework: Read Ch.8, sect.4 and answer ques. #2 and #5 • Date: 11/10/10

47. All the Single Ladies, All the Single Ladies!!! • Women participated heavily in the abolition movement but were often times turned away • What is the irony here? • Women also participated heavily in The temperance movement- effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol Sarah and Angelina Grimke spoke out to support the Abolition Movement in America

48. Women & Education • What is Sarah Grimke’s view on education for women in America? • What are some advantages both for men and women in this quote? • Emma Willard opens first school for girls in Troy, N.Y. -1821 • Mount Holyoke Female Seminary- becomes first college for women in 1837 • 1831- Quaker Prudence Crandall opens first African American school for girls- closes after 3 years • “During the early part of my life, my lot was cast among the butterflies of the fashionable world, I am constrained to say…that their education is miserably deficient…Our brethren may reject my doctrine…but I believe they would be “partakers of benefit”…and would find that woman, as their equal, was unspeakably more valuable than woman as their inferior, both as a moral and an intellectual being.” – Sarah Grimke

49. Women’s Issues Today vs. Past? • List with your group some problems facing women today? Problems facing women in the early to mid-1800’s: 1) Earned ½ the pay of men 2) Could not vote 3) Could not sit on juries 4) Any property or money a woman had became her husbands upon marriage 5) Lacked guardianship over children

50. “The Seneca Falls Convention ‘Declaration of Sentiments’” • Read the Document and answer the following questions… • What were some of the grievances that the women wrote about? • What do you think was the strongest argument they made as to why women should receive equal rights?