Unit 3 Body Image

1. Unit 3 Body Image

2. New words and expressions for Reading One: • transform: To transform something or someone means to change them completely and suddenly so that they are much better or more attractive. • The Minister said the Urban Development Corporation was now transforming the area... • He said she had transformed him from a hard-drinking womanizer into a devoted husband and father.

3. snub: Someone who has a snub nose has a short nose which points slightly upwards. • texture: The texture of something is the way that it feels when you touch it, for example how smooth or rough it is. • Aloe Vera is used in moisturizers to give them a wonderfully silky texture... • spots: British English a small raised red mark on someone’s skin, especially on their face • Becka was very self-conscious about her spots. • = pimple

4. plumpness: You can describe someone or something as plump to indicate that they are rather fat or rounded. • Maria was small and plump with a mass of curly hair... • ...red pears, ripe peaches and plump nectarines （油桃）. • lustrous: Something that is lustrous shines brightly and gently, because it has a smooth or shiny surface. • ...a head of thick, lustrous, wavy brown hair.

5. slanting: Something that is slanting is sloping, rather than horizontal or vertical. • inscrutable: If a person or their expression is inscrutable, it is very hard to know what they are really thinking or what they mean. • In public he remained inscrutable.

6. bombard: If you bombard someone with something, you make them face a great deal of it. For example, if you bombard them with questions or criticism, you keep asking them a lot of questions or you keep criticizing them. • He bombarded Catherine with questions to which he should have known the answers... • I’ve been bombarded by the press and television since I came back from Norway.

7. perspiration: Perspiration is the liquid which comes out on the surface of your skin when you are hot or frightened. (FORMAL) • His hands were wet with perspiration. • = sweat

8. in one’s mind’s eye: 在想像中, 在记忆中 • defect: A defect is a fault or imperfection in a person or thing. • He was born with a hearing defect. • ...a defect in the aircraft caused the crash... • = imperfection

9. squint: If someone has a squint, their eyes look in different directions from each other. • carbon copy: If you say that one person or thing is a carbon copy of another, you mean that they look or behave exactly like them. • She’s a carbon copy of her mother...

10. Check Your Vocabulary • 1. Some people prefer black hair, but other people like brown hair more. • 2. You have been so greatly influenced by the environment you are in that you tend to look at beauty that way. • 3. Women’s magazines, advertisements and the media all focus their topics on appearance and looks, and they keep warning you about the harm and risk of bad breath, sweat, being too fat or too thin.

11. Check Your Comprehension • 4. The image you form about yourself may be very inaccurate. • 5. Good looks shouldn’t exactly follow the model of any particular individual.

12. New words and expressions for Reading Two: • weigh: weigh on somebody/something • to make someone feel worried and upset • 使烦恼；使心情沉重 • The desire for peace will weigh heavily on the negotiators. • I’m sure there’s something weighing on his mind. • The burden of responsibility weighed heavily on his shoulders.

13. dietician: A dietician is a person whose job is to give people advice about the kind of food they should eat. Dieticians often work in hospitals. • psychiatrist: A psychiatrist is a doctor who treats people suffering from mental illness. • dietary: You can use dietary to describe anything that concerns a person’s diet. • Dr Susan Hankinson has studied the dietary habits of more than 50,000 women...

14. predispose: If something predisposes you to a disease or illness, it makes it likely that you will suffer from that disease or illness. (FORMAL) • ...a gene that predisposes people to alcoholism. • anorexia nervosa: Anorexia or anorexia nervosa is an illness in which a person has an overwhelming fear of becoming fat, and so refuses to eat enough and becomes thinner and thinner.

15. honours: Honours is a type of university degree which is of a higher standard than a pass or ordinary degree. • ...an honours degree in business studies. • purge: If you purge something of undesirable things, you get rid of them. • He closed his eyes and lay still, trying to purge his mind of anxiety... • = rid

16. repatriation: n. 遣返, 遣送回国 • onset: The onset of something is the beginning of it, used especially to refer to something unpleasant. • Most of the passes (关隘) have been closed with the onset of winter... • = start

17. nominate: If someone is nominated for a job or position, their name is formally suggested as a candidate for it. • Under party rules each candidate has to be nominated by 55 Labour MPs... • The public will be able to nominate candidates for awards such as the MBE. • ...a presidential decree nominating him as sports ambassador. • = propose

18. indictment: An indictment is a formal accusation that someone has committed a crime. (mainly AM LEGAL) • Prosecutors may soon seek an indictment on racketeering and fraud charges... • = charge

19. Check Your Comprehension A • Answer the following questions with the information from the text. • 1. Who were the subjects of the Deakin University study by Ms. Thomas? They were 202 primary school students, most of them aged eight and nine.

20. Check Your Comprehension A • 2. What were the findings of the previous Deakin study? Children as young as seven were unhappy with their bodies and nearly one-in-three girls and boys wanted to be thinner.

21. Check Your Comprehension A • 3. How did Dr. Coventry comment on Ms. Thomas’s study? It was “worrying that a number of the children have these sorts of beliefs and attitudes,” and that there are more children with early-onset anorexia, which “is usually a lot more difficult to treat and usually a lot more severe,” though only a minority would go on to develop an eating disorder.

22. Check Your Comprehension A • 4. According to Ms. Thomas, what should children be taught about their bodies? Ms. Thomas said children needed to learn that any body shape was acceptable and they should be proud of their body. • 5. How did Dr. Foulkes feel at the result of the recent study? He felt sad and guilty as a professional on the eating disorder research program.

23. New words and expressions for Reading Three: • be on a health kick: If you are on a health kick, you show temporary, often obsessive interest in your health condition. • boob tube: the television. (mainly AM INFORMAL; in BRIT, use idiot box) • ...hours spent in front of the boob tube. • =TV

24. calorie: Calories are units used to measure the energy value of food. People who are on diets try to eat food that does not contain many calories. • A glass of wine does have quite a lot of calories. • ...calorie controlled diets.

25. elated: If you are elated, you are extremely happy and excited because of something that has happened. • I was elated that my second heart bypass (心脏搭桥) had been successful... • = euphoric • euphoria: Euphoria is a feeling of intense happiness and excitement. • There was euphoria after the elections... • = elation

26. to the point that: conj. 到……程度 • belittle: If you belittle someone or something, you say or imply that they are unimportant or not very good. • We mustn’t belittle her outstanding achievement... • = downplay

27. slip away: • 1 to leave a place secretly or without anyone noticing • 2 if something such as an opportunity slips away, it is no longer available: • This time, Radford did not let her chance slip away.

28. put someone off: a. cause someone to lose interest or enthusiasm • She wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of night shifts put her off. • b. cause someone to feel dislike or distrust • She had a coldness that just put me off. • peruse: If you peruse something such as a letter, article, or document, you read it. (FORMAL) • We perused the company’s financial statements for the past five years...

29. New words and expressions for Reading Four • supermodel: a very famous fashion model • locate: If you locate something or someone, you find out where they are. (FORMAL) • The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome... • We’ve simply been unable to locate him. • = find

30. peck away: to keep keyboarding information into a computer • daintily: If you describe a movement, person, or object as dainty, you mean that they are small, delicate, and pretty. “Daintily” is the adverb form. • She walked daintily down the steps.

31. headset: a pair of headphones with a voice transmitter attached • 一副附有传话器的耳机 • waif: If you refer to a child or young woman as a waif, you mean that they are very thin and look as if they have nowhere to live. 流浪儿; 流浪少女 • ...a dirty-faced waif of some five or six years...

32. substantial: Substantial means large in amount or degree. (FORMAL) • The party has just lost office and with it a substantial number of seats... • = significant • voluptuous: If you describe a woman as voluptuous, you mean that she has large breasts and hips and is considered attractive in a sexual way. • ...a voluptuous, well-rounded lady with glossy black hair.

33. epic: Something that is epic is very large and impressive. • ...Columbus’s epic voyage of discovery. • He had produced a meal of epic proportions. • plumptious: slightly fat in a fairly pleasant way — used especially about women or children, often to avoid saying the word fat • The nurse was a cheerful plumptious woman. • The baby’s nice and plumptious.

34. billow: When something made of cloth billows, it swells out and moves slowly in the wind. • The curtains billowed in the breeze... • Her pink dress billowed out around her.

35. freak: informal someone who is extremely interested in a particular subject so that other people think they are strange or unusual a fitness freak a religious freak a computer freak • catwalk: At a fashion show, the catwalk is a narrow platform that models walk along to display clothes. (British English) • = runway (American English)

36. weave: If you weave your way somewhere, you move between and around things as you go there. • The cars then weaved in and out of traffic at top speed... • He weaves his way through a crowd.

37. embonpoint: The condition of being plump; stoutness. 肥胖 • pallid: Someone or something that is pallid is pale in an unattractive or unnatural way. • ...helpless grief on pallid faces. • skimpy: Something that is skimpy is too small in size or quantity. • ...skimpy underwear...

38. snag: If you snag part of your clothing on a sharp or rough object or if it snags, it gets caught on the object and tears. • She snagged a heel on a root and tumbled to the ground... • Brambles snagged his suit... • Local fishermen’s nets kept snagging on underwater objects.

39. giddy: If you feel giddy with delight or excitement, you feel so happy or excited that you find it hard to think or act normally. • Anthony was giddy with self-satisfaction... • Being there gave me a giddy pleasure. • improbable: If you describe something as improbable, you mean it is strange, unusual, or ridiculous. • On the face of it, their marriage seems an improbable alliance. • = unlikely

40. row: A row is a serious disagreement between people or organizations. (BRIT INFORMAL) • This is likely to provoke a further row about the bank’s role in the affair... • = dispute • Philip Treacy hat: 帽子设计师Philip Treacy，在时装界闻名遐迩。他设计的帽子充满贵族气派，犹如件件艺术瑰宝。

41. red-eyed: adj. 眼圈哭红的 • doorstep: a step just outside a door to a house or building • on the doorstep • He stood on the doorstep, straightening his tie. • normality: Normality is a situation in which everything is normal. • A semblance of normality has returned with people going to work and shops re-opening.

42. bunny: [美俚]可爱的女郎 • guru: A guru is a person who some people regard as an expert or leader. • Fashion gurus dictate crazy ideas such as squeezing oversized bodies into tight trousers. • bosom:A woman’s breasts are sometimes referred to as her bosom or her bosoms. (OLD-FASHIONED) • ...a large young mother with a baby resting against her ample bosom. • = bust

43. protégé: The protégé of an older and more experienced person is a young person who is helped and guided by them over a period of time. • He had been a protégé of Captain James. • giggle: If someone giggles, they laugh in a childlike way, because they are amused, nervous, or embarrassed. • Both girls began to giggle... • `I beg your pardon?’ she giggled. • ...a giggling little girl.

44. hail: If a person, event, or achievement is hailed as important or successful, they are praised publicly. • Faulkner has been hailed as the greatest American novelist of his generation... • US magazines hailed her as the greatest rock’n’roll singer in the world...

45. Check Your Comprehension B • Paragraph 2: Sophie is a rather big girl on the supermodel standard. • Paragraph 3: She is quite normal outside fashion business and she impresses people more by her smile, eyes and arms. • Paragraph 6: Sophie was discovered unexpectedly but naturally.

46. New words and expressions for Reading Four: • take the rap: If you take the rap, you are blamed or punished for something, especially something that is not your fault or for which other people are equally guilty. (INFORMAL) • When the client was murdered, his wife took the rap, but did she really do it?

47. ethereal: very delicate and light, in a way that does not seem real 轻飘的,缥缈的; 飘逸的 • androgynous: If you describe someone as androgynous, you mean that they are not distinctly masculine or feminine in appearance or in behaviour. • paedophilia: sexual activity with children or the condition of being sexually attracted to children. 恋童癖

48. rangy: If you describe a person or animal as rangy, you mean that they have long, thin, powerful legs. (WRITTEN) • ...a tall, rangy, redheaded girl. • = long-legged • downside: The downside of a situation is the aspect of it which is less positive, pleasant, or useful than its other aspects. • The downside of this approach is a lack of clear leadership... • ≠ upside

49. vouch: If you say that you can vouch for something, you mean that you have evidence from your own personal experience that it is true or correct. • He cannot vouch for the accuracy of the story. • pig out: If you say that people are pigging out, you are criticizing them for eating a very large amount at one meal. (INFORMAL) • I stopped pigging out on chips and crisps.

50. brandish: wave something around 挥舞 • A man leapt out brandishing a kitchen knife. • crash diet: an attempt to lose a lot of weight quickly by strictly limiting how much you eat • A crash diet will leave you hungry, you will binge and you will not get anywhere. • So to maximize the benefits to your metabolic rate, resolve never to crash diet again.