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Thursday, December 19, 2019

Thursday, December 19, 2019 A corporal in the 54 th Massachusetts wrote to President Lincoln: “Your Excellency, we have done a Soldier’s Duty. Why can’t we have a Soldier’s pay?” What does this letter suggest about conditions for black soldiers in the Civil War? Agenda: TOTD Socrative Quiz

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Thursday, December 19, 2019

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  1. Thursday, December 19, 2019 A corporal in the 54th Massachusetts wrote to President Lincoln: “Your Excellency, we have done a Soldier’s Duty. Why can’t we have a Soldier’s pay?” What does this letter suggest about conditions for black soldiers in the Civil War? Agenda: • TOTD • Socrative Quiz • When finished watch Crash course video LINK here (write this down): http://tinyurl.com/battlesoftheCW • Notes p21: Civil War (it’s online if you don’t get finished w/ quiz when I start) • Info Check p21 • 1 more day until Thanksgiving Break!

  2. The average Civil War soldier was 26 years old, weighing 143 pounds and standing 5'8" tall. "Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman’s two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said “the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.”--Abraham Lincoln, 2nd Inaugural Address

  3. The American Civil War 1861-1865**dates you MUST remember • Jan 1861: South secedes • March 1861: (elected in 1860) Lincoln is inaugurated • April 1861: Attack on Fort Sumter (1st shot of the CW) • June 1861 -- West Virginia Is Born. Residents of the western counties of Virginia did not wish to secede along with the rest of the state. This section of Virginia was admitted into the Union as the state of West Virginia on June 20, 1863. • January 1862: Lincoln issues a war order authorizing the Union to launch a unified aggressive action against the Confederacy. General McClellan ignored the order.

  4. Major Generals to know • General Ulysses S. Grant: led during the later years & his victory at Appomattox Courthouse, effectively ended the civil war. • George McClellan: led the Army Of the Potomac during early years of war • General Ambrose Burnside: was a soldier, an industrialist, railroad executive and an inventor, eventually becoming the governor of Rhode Island as well as US Senator.  • General William Tecumseh Sherman: fought in many battles/best known for taking Atlanta & his brutal“march to the sea." • General George Custer: was a United States Army officer who served in both the CW & Indian wars, meeting his end at the Battle of Little Bighorn. • General Robert E. Lee:Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia/ considered the most successful confederate general. • General Stonewall Jackson: fought brilliantly from First Bull Run to his death at the battle of Chancellorsville from friendly fire. • General J.E.B. Stuart: a famous cavalry commander known for his reconnaissance (scouting) • Lt Nathan Bedford Forrest: an innovative cavalry commander, and was the only General on either side who began as a private. • General James Longstreet: 1st Corps of the Army Of Northern Virginia/ considered one of the most capable generals on either side

  5. Shots Fired -war begins at Fort Sumter, S.C., 1861 (1st shots: no one died) -Bull Run – 1st battle @ Manassas, Virginia -July 1861 -Southern victory – Stonewall Jackson -proved the Civil War would be a long, serious war -Lincoln replaces general with McClellan -did not pursue the retreating Union army -citizens watched the battle -had a picnic on the hill

  6. Battle of Richmond -A cautious McClellan waits too long and fails to take Richmond -Beat by Lee -Lincoln fires McClellan -Confederacy wins… Second Battle of Bull Run • Battle of Manassas • Confederates win • Lincoln reinstates McClellan

  7. Antietam -Sept. 1862 -Lee leads troops into border state (Maryland) hoping for support -Lee’s battle plan is found by Union soldiers -bloodiest single day of the war -Union victory for McClellan -Lee retreats to Va. • 21,000 casualties in one day • Emancipation is declared

  8. Vicksburg -Nov. 1862 -Ulysses S. Grant (N. General) -comin’ down the Mississippi -Taking Vicksburg would be “key” -Many obstacles -Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi -Siege of Vicksburg lasts +40 days -try to split the south

  9. Confederate Victories -Confederates greatly outnumbered but Lee still wins -McClellan fired AGAIN for not pursuing Confederates @ Antietam - General Burnside leads union -Dec. 1862 -Fredericksburg – South wins - Gen. Burnside is fired -Replaced by Gen. Hooker -May 1863 -Chancellorsville – S. wins again -Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is killed

  10. Gettysburg -July 1863 – 3 day battle -Lee invades North -Little Round Top – Union is forced to higher ground until nightfall -Cemetery Ridge – one of many hills Union controlled -Pickett’s Charge - destroyed Confederate forces -turning point of the war as Lee is defeated -Gettysburg Address given by Lincoln several months later • The Battle of Gettysburg left approximately 7,000 corpses in the fields around the town. • Family members had to come to the battlefield to find their loved ones in the carnage.

  11. South is Split -July 1863 -Grant captures Vicksburg after long siege -Grant is called to command Union armies -relentlessly attacks Richmond -Begins “Total War” -demoralizes the South

  12. Sherman’s March -1864 -”March to the Sea”: 60k troops from Tenn. to Savannah, Ga. -Total War – looting and destruction of anything valuable “War is Hell” -Forced evacuation of Atlanta -burning of Atlanta -destroy the will to fight: destroying the Confederacy’s will to fight "I am tired and sick of war... It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, for vengeance, for desolation. War is hell."

  13. Grant in Pursuit -1864 – election between McClellan and Lincoln -Lincoln wins -Lee in retreat - running out of troops -Grant attacks repeatedly at great loss of life -Siege of Petersburg -Burning of Richmond -Lincoln wants speedy end to war - “with malice towards none”

  14. War’s End -April 1865 -Grant surrounds Lee outside Richmond -surrender at Appomattox – Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia -Surrender took months to reach other generals -Juneteenth Day!

  15. 11/19 TUESDAY **write the BLUE fact on p22 in last box Juneteenth:The oldest known celebration commemorating the ending of slavery in the US. It celebrates the liberation of black American slaves in Texas on June 19, 1865 News traveled so slowly in those days that Texas did not hear of Lincoln's Proclamation, which he gave on January 1, 1863, until more than two years after it was issued! How do you think railroads contributed to communication during this time? • What are we doing today? • Quiz p21 • Battles Chart (due by Friday) • Civil War Questions • Vocabulary Due by Thursday

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