1 / 17

SYSTEMS THEORY

gram
Download Presentation

SYSTEMS THEORY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. SYSTEMS THEORY

    2. Origins The whole is more than the sum of its parts” Aristotle

    3. GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY Founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, a Hungarian biologist who was interested in the interconnectedness that exists between humanity & the physical environment Represented a paradigm shift in history as a reaction to reductionism First published in 1948 because he waited for the political climate to be more receptive

    4. PRINCIPLES Based on holism Reflects the idea that entities cannot be explained nor understood from their separate parts or properties but only when regarded as an entire unit. Anti-thesis of reductionism Offered an appreciation of human beings & their inter-dependency with one another & the environment; has inherent humanistic & ethical qualities Expanded on the notion begun by Aristotle

    5. 2 FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS 1) Organismic biology Focused on notion of organized wholes, the relationships among organs, cells, molecules, rather than their separateness

    6. 2) Open systems Living organisms are influenced, exist, & are maintained by the following forces A. information or input that enters the system B. Behaviors, thoughts, reactions (called output) that result from internal processing of the input C. Feedback that comes from the environment about these behaviors, thoughts, reactions

    7. WHAT IS A SYSTEM? A whole that functions as a whole by virtue of the interaction of its parts An entity that is greater than the sum of its parts because it consists of 1) parts, PLUS, 2) the way the parts act together, PLUS, 3) the qualities that emerge from these relationships Anything physical, biological, psychological, sociological, or symbolic An entity that can be static, mechanical, mechanically self-regulating, or organismically interactive with the environment An entity with a hierarchy to organize its complexity; higher levels direct the lower levels

    8. OPEN SYSTEMS Constant interchange of information, energies, & materials with one’s environment Constantly in motion Constantly changing – dynamic Regulated by feedback that can be positive or negative A change in any one part of a system will automatically alter the whole

    9. ILLUSTRATION OF CONCEPTS The “whole” The “whole” can be thought of as a hospital system. The component parts of this system consist of inpatient service, outpatient services, rehabilitative services, etc. Example: It is common for a client to participate in multiple services at one time to attain the overall goal of “healthy functioning.”

    10. Concepts, cont. A system is more than the sum of its parts. Example: 2 parts of a hospital system are the rehab dept (OT, PT, Speech) & medical services (MDs, APRNs, etc). The way these 2 parts interact will ultimately impact the client’s level of care. A client will have to negotiate appointments, coordinate goals & objectives. If a client is having side effects from his meds, he may decide not to participate in OT for that day

    11. Concepts, cont. Systems include: Biology: circulatory, digestive, neurological, etc Social groups: family, churches, health fitness clubs, senior citizens Institutions: hospitals, insurance agency, corporations Mechanical: heating & air conditioning units, a motor vehicle Symbolic: fraternity or sorority, secret club organizations

    12. Concepts, cont. Systems have different qualities. For example … Thermostats are mechanical & self regulating A mixture of chemicals in a sealed vial is a closed system People are open systems as well as self regulating

    13. Concepts, cont. There must be a hierarchy for order to exist within a system Organizational charts diagram division of power in hospitals, corporations, etc Family systems: Parent(s) should be the executor(s) (in severely dysfunctional systems, a state agency like DCF may become the executor of the family); children should be part of their own subsystem (peer group)

    14. PRACTICING FROM A SYSTEM’S PERSPECTIVE Clients interface & are influenced by many types of systems A multitude of variables influence their behavior Many forms of input & feedback have impacted one’s performance, including positive and/or negative Therapeutic change is a process

    15. THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM Public Health is an open system (so are the individuals, communities & nation that it serves) Healthy People recognizes that there are various factors that “determine health” for an individual Includes: Biology Behaviors Social environment Physical environment Policies & interventions Access to quality health care

    16. Systems Theory & OT Models The occupational performance models identify and define the interrelationship of multiple systems, including various elements of the person, the environment, and occupation

    17. Systems Theory & OT Practice Framework The client-therapist relationship moves through cyclical phases of evaluation, intervention, and outcome within multiple contexts. In the professional interaction, these elements are never viewed as separate from one another

    18. Resource Cole & Tufano (2008), Chapter 3

More Related